Cancer develops through a multi-stage carcinogenesis process that involves numerous cellular physiological systems such as cell signaling and apoptosis, making it a highly complex disease. Most chemotherapy drugs are only moderately effective in treating major solid tumors due to the chemo-resistance and adverse effects of these drugs. The risk of cardiotoxicity is the most serious disadvantage of the use of anticancer drugs. Over the past decade, recent advances in genomics and nanotechnology have made it possible to carry out the transport of drugs through the use of specially designed nanoparticles (NPs), particularly in the areas of anticancer therapy. With the development of combination therapy, nano formulations, and nano-particle-based drug delivery systems, recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of these new methods for overcoming the limitations demonstrated by classical anticancer therapy, as conventional administration techniques ( oral administration and intravenous injection) limit the concentration of bioavailable drug at the tumor site. Nanotechnology is a promising alternative to overcome various limits in cancer therapy, such as, for example, thanks to the study of the use of nanoparticles that carry multiple drugs for anticancer treatment. Therefore, various local drug delivery systems (LDDS) and combination therapies that use more than one drug can effectively overcome drug resistance and reduce the adverse effects associated with conventional chemotherapy by increasing the concentration of anticancer drugs in situ, i.e. at the site of the tumor, thus having a completely local effect, allowing the reduction of systemic concentrations of the drug and therefore limiting the adverse effects on other organs.
La neoplasia si sviluppa attraverso un processo di carcinogenesi a più fasi che comporta numerosi sistemi fisiologici cellulari come la segnalazione e l'apoptosi cellulare, rendendola una malattia altamente complessa. La maggior parte dei farmaci chemioterapici risultano essere solo moderatamente efficaci nel trattamento dei principali tumori solidi a causa della chemio-resistenza e degli effetti avversi di questi farmaci. Il rischio di cardiotossicità è il più grave svantaggio dell’utilizzo dei farmaci antitumorali. Negli ultimi dieci anni, i recenti progressi nella genomica e nelle nanotecnologie hanno reso possibile effettuare il trasporto di farmaci attraverso l'uso di nanoparticelle (NP) appositamente progettate, in particolare nei settori della terapia antitumorale. Con lo sviluppo della terapia combinata, nano formulazioni, e sistemi di rilascio di farmaci basati su nano particelle, studi recenti hanno dimostrato l’efficacia di questi nuovi metodi per superare le limitazioni dimostrate dalla terapia antitumorale classica, in quanto le tecniche di somministrazione convenzionale (somministrazione orale e l’iniezione endovenosa) limitano la concentrazione di farmaco biodisponibile nel sito del tumore. La nanotecnologia è un'alternativa promettente per superare i vari limiti nella terapia del cancro, come per esempio, grazie allo studio dell’uso di nanoparticelle che trasportano più farmaci per il trattamento antitumorale. Pertanto, vari sistemi locali di somministrazione di farmaci (LDDS) e terapie combinate che utilizzano più di un farmaco possono efficacemente superare la resistenza ai farmaci e ridurre gli effetti avversi associati alla chemioterapia convenzionale aumentando la concentrazione dei farmaci antitumorali in situ, cioè nel sito del tumore, avendo così un effetto del tutto locale, permettendo la riduzione delle concentrazioni sistemiche del farmaco e limitando quindi gli effetti avversi su altri organi.
Nanotecnologie per la cura del tumore
IELO, MARIA SOLE
2018/2019
Abstract
Cancer develops through a multi-stage carcinogenesis process that involves numerous cellular physiological systems such as cell signaling and apoptosis, making it a highly complex disease. Most chemotherapy drugs are only moderately effective in treating major solid tumors due to the chemo-resistance and adverse effects of these drugs. The risk of cardiotoxicity is the most serious disadvantage of the use of anticancer drugs. Over the past decade, recent advances in genomics and nanotechnology have made it possible to carry out the transport of drugs through the use of specially designed nanoparticles (NPs), particularly in the areas of anticancer therapy. With the development of combination therapy, nano formulations, and nano-particle-based drug delivery systems, recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of these new methods for overcoming the limitations demonstrated by classical anticancer therapy, as conventional administration techniques ( oral administration and intravenous injection) limit the concentration of bioavailable drug at the tumor site. Nanotechnology is a promising alternative to overcome various limits in cancer therapy, such as, for example, thanks to the study of the use of nanoparticles that carry multiple drugs for anticancer treatment. Therefore, various local drug delivery systems (LDDS) and combination therapies that use more than one drug can effectively overcome drug resistance and reduce the adverse effects associated with conventional chemotherapy by increasing the concentration of anticancer drugs in situ, i.e. at the site of the tumor, thus having a completely local effect, allowing the reduction of systemic concentrations of the drug and therefore limiting the adverse effects on other organs.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/11556