In human Breast Cancer (BC) cells, Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) expression is significantly altered and primarily correlated to cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Since BC is a hormone-related carcinoma and RACK1 expression regulation is under control of a complex hormonal balance, we investigated the hormone-related RACK1 expression and its involvement in BC progression, in particular, following androgens treatment. Previous data showed that androgens and in particular 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone) - a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid derived from testosterone - are able to modulate RACK1 expression. To this purpose, we used MCF7 cell line that, thanks to its androgen-, progesterone- and glucocorticoid-receptors positive profile, is a valuable model system to elucidate hormone response and resistance pathways. In this regard, androgens treatment in MCF7 cells was reported to exert a protective effect against BC, inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. Our data revealed that androgens exert their protective role in BC through the inhibition of OXER1 (receptor for 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid), a membrane-bound androgen receptor (mAR) highly expressed in MCF7 cells, which displays survival-promoting effects and induces cell migratory capacity. Androgens antagonism on OXER1 resulted in disrupting PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway, which in turn determinates RACK1 downregulation by reducing its promoter activity, as well as mRNA and protein expression. These effects are also correlated to the inhibition of cell growth and migration ability, with a significant difference in the antagonist effect of nandrolone compared to testosterone, furtherly supported by in silico molecular docking. In conclusion, RACK1 transcriptional regulation and OXER1 function in BC cell proliferation and migration highlight the existence of a novel molecular mechanism that could provide new and relevant drugs target to counteract BC progression.
Nelle cellule di carcinoma mammario si osserva un’alterazione nell’espressione della proteina RACK1 (Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1), che è correlata ad un aumento di proliferazione, capacità di migrazione e invasività. Poiché la maggior parte dei pazienti con carcinoma della mammella presenta un profilo molecolare ormono-responsivo e la regolazione trascrizionale di RACK1 è sotto il controllo di un complesso equilibrio ormonale, abbiamo indagato la regolazione androgenica dell'espressione di RACK1 e il suo coinvolgimento nella progressione tumorale. Dati precedenti mostrano che gli androgeni e in particolare il nandrolone, un androgeno steroideo ad azione anabolica-androgenica derivato di sintesi del testosterone, sono in grado di modulare l’espressione di RACK1. In virtù di queste considerazioni, gli esperimenti sono stati condotti sulla linea cellulare MCF7 che, grazie al suo profilo GR (Glucocorticoid Receptor), ER (Estrogen Receptor) e AR (Androgen Receptor) positivo rappresenta un valido modello per lo studio di diversi pathway ormonali. I nostri risultati, in linea con i dati ottenuti dal docking molecolare, rivelano che gli androgeni esercitano il loro ruolo protettivo tramite l’inibizione di OXER1 (receptor for 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid), un recettore androgenico di membrana (mAR) altamente espresso nelle cellule MCF7, in grado di regolare la loro capacità migratoria cellulare e svolgere un’azione pro-proliferativa. Questa azione antagonista mediata dal nandrolone causa l’inibizione del pathway PI3K/Akt/NF-kB, che a sua volta determina una down-regolazione della trascrizione e dell’espressione di RACK1 che, di conseguenza, si traduce in una riduzione dell’attività proliferativa e della capacità migratoria delle cellule tumorali. In conclusione, la regolazione trascrizionale di RACK1 e il ruolo di OXER1 nella proliferazione e migrazione cellulare in una linea modello di carcinoma alla mammella ormono-responsivo hanno evidenziato l’esistenza di un nuovo meccanismo molecolare che potrebbe fornire nuovi e rilevanti bersagli farmacologici per il trattamento del carcinoma mammario.
OXER1: un nuovo recettore di membrana coinvolto nella regolazione trascrizionale di RACK1 e nella progressione del carcinoma mammario
MARACCANI, LUISA
2019/2020
Abstract
In human Breast Cancer (BC) cells, Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1 (RACK1) expression is significantly altered and primarily correlated to cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Since BC is a hormone-related carcinoma and RACK1 expression regulation is under control of a complex hormonal balance, we investigated the hormone-related RACK1 expression and its involvement in BC progression, in particular, following androgens treatment. Previous data showed that androgens and in particular 19-nortestosterone (nandrolone) - a synthetic anabolic-androgenic steroid derived from testosterone - are able to modulate RACK1 expression. To this purpose, we used MCF7 cell line that, thanks to its androgen-, progesterone- and glucocorticoid-receptors positive profile, is a valuable model system to elucidate hormone response and resistance pathways. In this regard, androgens treatment in MCF7 cells was reported to exert a protective effect against BC, inhibiting cell proliferation and migration. Our data revealed that androgens exert their protective role in BC through the inhibition of OXER1 (receptor for 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid), a membrane-bound androgen receptor (mAR) highly expressed in MCF7 cells, which displays survival-promoting effects and induces cell migratory capacity. Androgens antagonism on OXER1 resulted in disrupting PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway, which in turn determinates RACK1 downregulation by reducing its promoter activity, as well as mRNA and protein expression. These effects are also correlated to the inhibition of cell growth and migration ability, with a significant difference in the antagonist effect of nandrolone compared to testosterone, furtherly supported by in silico molecular docking. In conclusion, RACK1 transcriptional regulation and OXER1 function in BC cell proliferation and migration highlight the existence of a novel molecular mechanism that could provide new and relevant drugs target to counteract BC progression.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/11745