The slow-growing pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of Tuberculosis (TB) - the second most deadly infectious disease in the world after HIV (WHO, 2015). Among the several worrisome issues that are increasing public and researchers concern, the emergence and spread of M. tuberculosis multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains, together with the appearance of totally-drug resistant (TDR) strains, actually represent a growing problem that afflicts human health. Moreover, the co-infection with HIV is an additional issue to be considered, that makes even worse the situation. Taken together, TB drug research has to persevere in developing novel anti-TB drugs with novel mechanisms of action and in searching new druggable cellular targets. The present research is inserted in the European project “More Medicines for Tuberculosis – MM4TB” (VII Framework programme), whose central purposes were the validation of a number of new drug targets, together with the identification of new potential antituberculars. In this context, the Molecular Microbiology laboratory has recently validated a new interesting target, the CTP-synthetase PyrG. Moreover, since humans possess two CTP-synthetases (hCTPS-1 and hCTPS-2) that are largely similar to the mycobacterial enzyme, we wanted to verify whether drugs able to affect mycobacterial PyrG, could have some toxic effects in humans. For this aim, this work focused of the cloning, expression and purification of the human CTPS-1 recombinant enzyme in the eukaryotic system Pichia pastoris. This achievement provided us a “double tool” really advantageous for identification of selective M. tuberculosis PyrG inhibitors, therefore not affecting the human counterpart.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis è l’agente eziologico della Tubercolosi (TB), la seconda causa di morte dovuta ad un agente infettivo nel mondo, dopo l’HIV (WHO, 2015). La diffusione di ceppi MDR (Multi-Drug Resistant) e XDR (Extensively Drug-Resistant), oltre alla comparsa di ceppi TDR (Totally-Drug Resistant) attualmente costituisce una forte preoccupazione per la Sanità Pubblica. Inoltre, la possibilità di coinfezione con il virus dell’AIDS aggrava notevolmente la situazione. Di conseguenza, la ricercar di nuovi farmaci antitubercolari, come pure di nuovi bersagli terapeutici, rimane tuttora una priorità. Il mio lavoro di Tesi si è inserito in un Progetto Europeo dal titolo “More Medicines for Tuberculosis – MM4TB” (VII Framework programme), i cui obbiettivi principali vertevano sulla validazione di nuovi drug target di M. tuberculosis, oltre all’identificazione di nuove molecule antitubercolari. In questo contesto, presso il Laboratorio di Microbiologia Molecolare, era stato validato un nuovo target interessante: l’enzima CTP-sintetasi (PyrG). Poichè nell’uomo sono presenti due CTP sintetasi (hCTPS-1 e hCTPS-2), molto simili all’enzima micobatterico, abbiamo voluto verificare se farmaci diretti contro l’enzima di M. tuberculosis, potessere essere tossici sull’uomo. Per questo scopo, il lavoro della mia tesi si è focalizzato sul clonaggio, sull’espressione e sulla purificazione dell’enzima umano CTPS-1, utilizzando come sistema di espressione eterologa Pichia pastoris. I risultati ottenuti permetteranno di identificare inibitori selettivi dell’enzima PyrG di M. tuberculosis, non attivi sull’enzima umano.
Clonazione e purificazione di CTP sintetasi umana 1 in Pichia pastoris
DIEDRO, LATH GNAGNE CELESTIN
2019/2020
Abstract
The slow-growing pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of Tuberculosis (TB) - the second most deadly infectious disease in the world after HIV (WHO, 2015). Among the several worrisome issues that are increasing public and researchers concern, the emergence and spread of M. tuberculosis multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains, together with the appearance of totally-drug resistant (TDR) strains, actually represent a growing problem that afflicts human health. Moreover, the co-infection with HIV is an additional issue to be considered, that makes even worse the situation. Taken together, TB drug research has to persevere in developing novel anti-TB drugs with novel mechanisms of action and in searching new druggable cellular targets. The present research is inserted in the European project “More Medicines for Tuberculosis – MM4TB” (VII Framework programme), whose central purposes were the validation of a number of new drug targets, together with the identification of new potential antituberculars. In this context, the Molecular Microbiology laboratory has recently validated a new interesting target, the CTP-synthetase PyrG. Moreover, since humans possess two CTP-synthetases (hCTPS-1 and hCTPS-2) that are largely similar to the mycobacterial enzyme, we wanted to verify whether drugs able to affect mycobacterial PyrG, could have some toxic effects in humans. For this aim, this work focused of the cloning, expression and purification of the human CTPS-1 recombinant enzyme in the eukaryotic system Pichia pastoris. This achievement provided us a “double tool” really advantageous for identification of selective M. tuberculosis PyrG inhibitors, therefore not affecting the human counterpart.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/11835