The “Critique of Practical Reason” by Immanuel Kant was published in 1788, and immediately appeared as a fundamental turning point in his morals system. Of particular interest for the purposes of the work discussed here is the introduction into Kant's metaethics of the doctrine of the Fact of Reason. Compared to the attempt - made three years earlier in the “Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals” - to demonstrate the validity of the moral law through a deduction, the Fact of Reason presumes an immediate and a priori knowledge of it. Given the importance that is inevitably reserved to this doctrine, I will consider the characteristics that differentiate it from what Kant stated in his previous works and then conduct a study of Kant's morals, starting from an analysis of the thesis of the Fact - with particular attention to the reading that would bring it closer to ethical intuitionism and bringing to light the points of contact between them. The hypothese that I want to support is that it refers as much to the moral law as self-evident as to the consciousness of it and its binding force on human beings. It is further argued that this, in being presented as synthetic a priori proposition, immediate, not based on previous data or empirical arguments, is indeed a form of intuition - different, however, from Kant's Anschauung. The work then concludes with an analysis of the criticism directed at Kant, a study of which problematic points arise and which implications are subsequently reflected in Kant's morals.
Nel 1788 viene pubblicata la “Critica della ragion pratica” di Immanuel Kant, opera che si presenta fin da subito come un punto di svolta fondamentale nel sistema morale del filosofo. Di particolare interesse ai fini del lavoro qui svolto, è l’introduzione nella metaetica kantiana della dottrina del fatto della ragione. Rispetto al tentativo – operato tre anni prima nella “Fondazione della metafisica dei costumi” – di dimostrare la validità della legge morale attraverso una deduzione, il fatto della ragione ne ipotizza una conoscenza immediata e a priori. Vista l’importanza che inevitabilmente è riservata a tale dottrina, verranno prese in considerazione le caratteristiche che la differenziano da quanto enunciato da Kant nelle opere precedenti per poi compiere uno studio della morale kantiana a partire proprio da un’analisi della tesi del Fatto, con particolare attenzione alla lettura che la avvicinerebbe all’intuizionismo etico e portandone alla luce i punti di contatto. Le ipotesi che si vogliono sostenere sono che esso si riferisca tanto alla legge morale come autoevidente quanto alla coscienza di essa e della sua forza vincolante per gli esseri umani. Si sostiene inoltre che questo, nel venire presentato come proposizione sintetica a priori, immediata, non basata su dati precedenti né su argomenti empirici, sia effettivamente una forma di intuizione – differente tuttavia dalla Anschauung kantiana. Il lavoro si conclude poi con un’analisi delle critiche rivolte a Kant, uno studio dei punti problematici che sorgono e dei risvolti che si riflettono in seguito sulla morale kantiana.
Fatto della ragione e intuizione etica in Kant
CANTARELLI, SARA
2020/2021
Abstract
The “Critique of Practical Reason” by Immanuel Kant was published in 1788, and immediately appeared as a fundamental turning point in his morals system. Of particular interest for the purposes of the work discussed here is the introduction into Kant's metaethics of the doctrine of the Fact of Reason. Compared to the attempt - made three years earlier in the “Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals” - to demonstrate the validity of the moral law through a deduction, the Fact of Reason presumes an immediate and a priori knowledge of it. Given the importance that is inevitably reserved to this doctrine, I will consider the characteristics that differentiate it from what Kant stated in his previous works and then conduct a study of Kant's morals, starting from an analysis of the thesis of the Fact - with particular attention to the reading that would bring it closer to ethical intuitionism and bringing to light the points of contact between them. The hypothese that I want to support is that it refers as much to the moral law as self-evident as to the consciousness of it and its binding force on human beings. It is further argued that this, in being presented as synthetic a priori proposition, immediate, not based on previous data or empirical arguments, is indeed a form of intuition - different, however, from Kant's Anschauung. The work then concludes with an analysis of the criticism directed at Kant, a study of which problematic points arise and which implications are subsequently reflected in Kant's morals.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/1196