Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles and Charging Stations: An Introduction

Climate change, urban air quality, and dependency on crude oil are important societal challenges. In the transportation sector especially, clean and energy-efficient technologies must be developed. Electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have gained a growing interest in the vehicle industry. Nowadays, the commercialization of EVs and PHEVs has been possible in different applications (i.e., light duty, medium duty, and heavy duty vehicles) thanks to the advances in energy-storage systems, power electronics converters (including DC/DC converters, DC/AC inverters, and battery charging systems), electric machines, and energy efficient power flow control strategies. My thesis is focused on the recent advances in electric vehicles and (plug-in) hybrid vehicles that address the new powertrain developments. First chapter introduces the current global electric vehicle development trend and the background of electric vehicle development. The advantages of electric vehicles over traditional fuel vehicles. Second, it introduces different types of electric vehicles, their definitions, differences, advantages, and finally a comparison of different types of electric vehicles. Third, it introduces some of the current problems encountered by electric vehicles and some bottlenecks that still exist. Second chapter introduces the topic of this paper to study plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, The first introduction is the classification of plug-in electric vehicles, there are series, parallel and hybrid plug-in electric vehicles. The second one introduces the characteristics, advantages, etc. of PHEV, The third is a summary of the future development and current development of PHEV, why is it the subject of my research, and why is it the current fashion trend. Third chapter introduces the powertrain of electric vehicles, how the battery power makes electric vehicles work, and introduces the powertrains of pure electric vehicles and the main research plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and their working flowcharts. Fourth chapter introduces the battery charging system of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The main technology introduced is fast charging technology. The first is the classification of fast charging systems. The second Fast-Charging Stations (DC) Connected to the AC Grid, and different topological applications, including AC-DC and DC-DC. The third is the expansion of AC-DC topology in fast charging systems and research on the design, selection ,classification and development of DC-DC topology. The fourth is to analyze the semiconductor materials of the fast charging system, mainly wide band gap semiconductors, and their comparison. The fifth is the introduction of wired charging, based on international standards, and introduced the difference and application of on-board charging and off-board charging. The sixth is the research on wireless charging. Fifth chapter introduces the application of electric motors in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, the selection of electric motors and the simulation of electric motors. Sixth chapter introduces the charging stations of electric vehicles and studies the EVSE levels of charging stations according to international standards, as well as different charging plugs and charging equipment based on different countries. Different plugs represent different charging levels. And introduced the difference between charging station and home charging. Seventh chapter studies the impact of charging stations on the grid, mainly in power quality, voltage drop, and load issues. The second one introduces the solution. And introduced V2G and G2V. Eighth chapter studies how Extreme Fast Charging works, and introduces from multiple directions why it can be fully charged in minutes, New batteries let electric cars get rid of "charging anxiety".