Endosymbiotic bacteria are often found in many different species of the Eukaryota domain, from mammals down to microscopic arthropods. The relationship between host and symbiont can range greatly from mutually beneficial, commensal, or even parasitic. Alphaproteobacteria are a large class of prokaryotes that are frequently found living inside of eukaryotic hosts. A novel symbiont of the tardigrade Richtersius coronifer was previously identified using PCR methods, and was classified as a member of the Hepatincolaceae family of the Holosporales order. This order within the Alphaproteobacteria contains many endosymbionts, including this recently discovered species. In this thesis, a de novo genomic assembly of the symbiont of Richtersius coronifer was performed using multiple bioinformatic tools and software. A comparative genomic content analysis was accomplished and a phylogenetic comparison was made between this novel species and related families. The de novo assembly was performed in a step-wise fashion following the Blobology pipeline, beginning with receiving the sequenced reads of the symbiont from Illumina, to arriving at a carefully curated genome. A preliminary assembly was performed using the SPAdes software, and 16S rRNA genes were identified to help elucidate which were the symbiont’s contigs. Automated annotations were performed using software including Prokka and Diamond, and then sequentially manually checked via BLAST searches on the NCBI database. A series of assemblies were made, parsing down contaminant contigs from the host and other sources. After the final assembly was derived, a phylogenetic analysis was performed to infer evolutionary relationships between this symbiont and related Holosporales species. Finally, a brief metabolic analysis, in comparison with other Holosporales, of the genes discovered in the symbiont identified some characteristics of the bacterium. Future studies should improve understanding of the relationship between symbiont and host, and the evolutionary relationships of the symbiont with related bacteria.
I batteri endosimbiotici si trovano spesso in molte specie diverse del dominio Eukaryota, dai mammiferi fino agli artropodi microscopici. La relazione tra ospite e simbionte può variare notevolmente da reciprocamente vantaggiosa, commensale o addirittura parassitaria. Gli alfaproteobatteri sono una grande classe di procarioti che si trovano frequentemente che vivono all'interno di ospiti eucariotici. Un romanzo simbionte del tardigrado Richtersius coronifer è stato precedentemente identificato utilizzando metodi PCR ed è stato classificato come membro della famiglia Hepatincolaceae dell'ordine Holosporales. Questo ordine all'interno degli Alphaproteobacteria contiene molti endosimbionti, inclusa questa specie scoperta di recente. In questa tesi è stato eseguito un de novo assemblaggio genomico del simbionte di Richtersius coronifer utilizzando strumenti e software bioinformatici. È stata eseguita un'analisi comparativa del contenuto genomico ed è stato effettuato un confronto filogenetico tra questa nuova specie e le famiglie relazionate. Il de novo assemblaggio è stato eseguito in modo graduale seguendo la pipeline Blobology, iniziando con la ricezione delle letture sequenziate del simbionte da Illumina, fino ad arrivare a un genoma accuratamente curato. È stato eseguito un assemblaggio preliminare utilizzando il software SPAdes e sono stati identificati i geni 16S rRNA per aiutare a chiarire quali erano i contigui del simbionte. Le annotazioni automatiche sono state eseguite utilizzando software come Prokka e Diamond, quindi controllate manualmente in sequenza tramite ricerche BLAST sul database NCBI. È stata eseguita una serie di assemblaggi, analizzando i contenuti contaminanti dall'host e da altre fonti. Dopo aver derivato l'assemblaggio finale, è stata eseguita un'analisi filogenetica per inferire le relazioni evolutive tra questo simbionte e le specie olosporali correlate. Infine, una breve analisi metabolica, rispetto ad altri Holosporales, dei geni scoperti nel simbionte ha identificato alcune caratteristiche del batterio. Studi futuri dovrebbero migliorare la comprensione della relazione tra simbionte e ospite e le relazioni evolutive del simbionte con i batteri correlati.
De novo assemblaggio e annotazione genomica di un nuovo endosymbiont all'interno dell'ordine Holosporales
EVERETT, NATHANIEL HAMPTON
2019/2020
Abstract
Endosymbiotic bacteria are often found in many different species of the Eukaryota domain, from mammals down to microscopic arthropods. The relationship between host and symbiont can range greatly from mutually beneficial, commensal, or even parasitic. Alphaproteobacteria are a large class of prokaryotes that are frequently found living inside of eukaryotic hosts. A novel symbiont of the tardigrade Richtersius coronifer was previously identified using PCR methods, and was classified as a member of the Hepatincolaceae family of the Holosporales order. This order within the Alphaproteobacteria contains many endosymbionts, including this recently discovered species. In this thesis, a de novo genomic assembly of the symbiont of Richtersius coronifer was performed using multiple bioinformatic tools and software. A comparative genomic content analysis was accomplished and a phylogenetic comparison was made between this novel species and related families. The de novo assembly was performed in a step-wise fashion following the Blobology pipeline, beginning with receiving the sequenced reads of the symbiont from Illumina, to arriving at a carefully curated genome. A preliminary assembly was performed using the SPAdes software, and 16S rRNA genes were identified to help elucidate which were the symbiont’s contigs. Automated annotations were performed using software including Prokka and Diamond, and then sequentially manually checked via BLAST searches on the NCBI database. A series of assemblies were made, parsing down contaminant contigs from the host and other sources. After the final assembly was derived, a phylogenetic analysis was performed to infer evolutionary relationships between this symbiont and related Holosporales species. Finally, a brief metabolic analysis, in comparison with other Holosporales, of the genes discovered in the symbiont identified some characteristics of the bacterium. Future studies should improve understanding of the relationship between symbiont and host, and the evolutionary relationships of the symbiont with related bacteria.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/12299