The study wanted to demonstrate the preparation of a hydrogel formula for hair care, using active substances of protein origin. Specifically, the powders with reconstituting, smoothing and protective action on hair lengths and ends, contain protein hydrolysates and free amino acids of Moringa, Pea and Wheat seeds, obtained through a process of enzymatic hydrolysis that boasts the action of a selected pool of enzymes. The text describes how amino acids and polypeptides can interact with the keratin structure of the cortical and cuticular layers of the hair, making them responsible for a restorative and protective action of the fiber itself. On the basis of this, we proceed to the realization of a cosmetic product of hair care with improving capabilities in terms of brightness, fragility and softness, for hair damaged by various factors (chemical treatments, heat, UV rays, brushing, etc. ...). The first objective was to determine the title of the primary amino groups for each active substance. For this purpose, a spectrophotometric technique was used with a method described in the literature. The method involves the reaction of OPA (o-Phthaldiadehyde) in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol with all primary amino groups present in both the amino acid component and polypeptide, the reaction determines the formation of complexes capable of absorbing at a wavelength of 340 nm. Treonine is chosen as the standard amino acid for the construction of a calibration curve from which we obtain the title of the primary amino groups of the extracts used in the study. The initial idea was to develop a "leave on" spray formula with a high aqueous percentage in accordance with the highly water-soluble character of the three powders, however the active ingredients have shown a difficulty in staying in solution, probably due to the high molecular weight of some hydrolysates or the interaction with other components that determined a precipitative phenomenon in the spray formula. Formulation tests were therefore carried out in order to prepare a hair cosmetic with a more viscous appearance. The result of this choice is the realization of hydrogel formulations containing a mixture of cationic polymers with conditioning action and a gelling agent, selected and evaluated through a compatibility protocol. Once the final formulation was determined, the three hydrogels with each active and the hydrogel without active were divided into two containers, one of which was stored at 20°C and the other at 40°C for a total time of two months, in order to evaluate their stability. The evaluation of the samples concerns the determination of any separative or precipitative phenomena, changes in organoleptic characteristics and pH value as well as the definition of the rheological profile and the control of viscosity over time. In conclusion, the results obtained show a higher amount of amino groups in the protein powder derived from Wheat than those from Moringa and Pea. The primary amino groups in the environment tend to be protonic acid, determining the formation of positive charges that can interact by electrostatic attraction with the surface negative charges of the hair. From the results of the rheological profiles we observe a loss of viscosity and a slight lowering of pH in gels containing the active ingredients at temperatures of 40°C. This confirms the character of instability of the protein substances when subjected to temperatures of 40°C, which will therefore require further studies for the optimization of the formula in order to obtain a stable product over time.
Lo studio ha voluto dimostrare l’allestimento di una formulazione idrogel per hair care, impiegando sostanze attive di origine proteica. Nello specifico le polveri con azione ricostituente, lisciante e protettiva sulle lunghezze e sulle punte dei capelli, contengono degli idrolizzati proteici e amminoacidi liberi di semi di Moringa, Pisello e Grano, ottenuti tramite un processo di idrolisi enzimatica che vanta l’azione di un pool selezionato di enzimi. Nel testo viene descritto il modo in cui gli amminoacidi e i polipeptidi possono interagire con la struttura cheratinica degli strati corticali e cuticolari del capello, rendendosi responsabili di un’azione ricostituente e protettiva della fibra stessa. In base a ciò, si procede alla realizzazione di un prodotto cosmetico di hair care con capacità migliorative riguardo la luminosità, la fragilità e la morbidezza, per capelli danneggiati dai più svariati fattori (trattamenti chimici, calore, raggi UV, brushing ecc…). Il primo obiettivo prefissato è stato quello di determinare il titolo dei gruppi amminici primari per ogni sostanza attiva. A questo scopo, è stata adoperata una tecnica spettrofotometrica con un metodo descritto in letteratura. Il metodo prevede la reazione dell’OPA (o-Phthaldiadehyde) in presenza di beta-mercaptoetanolo con tutti i gruppi amminici primari presenti sia nella componente amminoacidica che in quella polipeptidica, la reazione determina la formazione di complessi in grado di assorbire ad una lunghezza d’onda di 340 nm. La Treonina viene scelto come amminoacido standard per la costruzione di una curva di calibrazione da cui si ricava il titolo dei gruppi amminici primari degli estratti utilizzati nello studio. L’idea iniziale prevedeva la messa a punto di un formulato spray “leave on” ovvero senza risciacquo con un’elevata percentuale acquosa in accordo con il carattere altamente idrosolubile delle tre polveri, tuttavia gli attivi hanno dimostrato una difficoltà nel mantenersi in soluzione, probabilmente a causa dell’elevato peso molecolare di alcuni idrolizzati o l’interazione con altri componenti che ha determinato un fenomeno precipitativo nella formulazione spray. Sono quindi state portate avanti delle prove di formulazione allo scopo di allestire un cosmetico per capelli con un aspetto più viscoso. Il frutto di questa scelta è la realizzazione di formulati idrogel contenenti una miscela di polimeri cationici con azione condizionante e un’agente gelificante, selezionato e valutato attraverso un protocollo di compatibilità. Una volta determinata la formulazione finale i tre idrogel con ciascun attivo e l’idrogel senza attivo, sono stati divisi in due contenitori, dei quali uno stoccato a 20°C e l’altro a 40°C in stufa fino ad un totale di due mesi, in modo da valutarne la stabilità. La valutazione dei campioni riguarda la determinazione di eventuali fenomeni separativi o precipitativi, variazioni delle caratteristiche organolettiche e del valore di pH oltre che la definizione del profilo reologico ed il controllo della viscosità nel tempo. In conclusione, i risultati ottenuti dimostrano una maggior quantità di gruppi amminici nella polvere proteica derivata dal Grano rispetto a quelle provenienti dalla Moringa e dal Pisello. I gruppi amminici primari in ambiente tendenzialmente acido protonano, determinando la formazione di cariche positive che possono interagire per attrazione elettrostatica con le cariche negative superficiali del capello. Si ipotizza quindi una miglior performance del prodotto. Dai risultati dei profili reologici si osserva una perdita di viscosità e un leggero abbassamento di pH nei gel contenenti gli attivi a temperature di 40°C. Questo conferma il carattere di instabilità delle sostanze proteiche quando sottoposte a temperature di 40° che quindi necessiteranno di ulteriori studi per l’ottimizzazione della formula al fine di ottenere un prodotto stabile nel tempo.
INGREDIENTI DI ORIGINE PROTEICA DEL GRANO, DELLA MORINGA E DEL PISELLO, NELLA REALIZZAZIONE DI UN PRODOTTO DI “HAIR CARE”
FILIPPONI, ALESSANDRA
2019/2020
Abstract
The study wanted to demonstrate the preparation of a hydrogel formula for hair care, using active substances of protein origin. Specifically, the powders with reconstituting, smoothing and protective action on hair lengths and ends, contain protein hydrolysates and free amino acids of Moringa, Pea and Wheat seeds, obtained through a process of enzymatic hydrolysis that boasts the action of a selected pool of enzymes. The text describes how amino acids and polypeptides can interact with the keratin structure of the cortical and cuticular layers of the hair, making them responsible for a restorative and protective action of the fiber itself. On the basis of this, we proceed to the realization of a cosmetic product of hair care with improving capabilities in terms of brightness, fragility and softness, for hair damaged by various factors (chemical treatments, heat, UV rays, brushing, etc. ...). The first objective was to determine the title of the primary amino groups for each active substance. For this purpose, a spectrophotometric technique was used with a method described in the literature. The method involves the reaction of OPA (o-Phthaldiadehyde) in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol with all primary amino groups present in both the amino acid component and polypeptide, the reaction determines the formation of complexes capable of absorbing at a wavelength of 340 nm. Treonine is chosen as the standard amino acid for the construction of a calibration curve from which we obtain the title of the primary amino groups of the extracts used in the study. The initial idea was to develop a "leave on" spray formula with a high aqueous percentage in accordance with the highly water-soluble character of the three powders, however the active ingredients have shown a difficulty in staying in solution, probably due to the high molecular weight of some hydrolysates or the interaction with other components that determined a precipitative phenomenon in the spray formula. Formulation tests were therefore carried out in order to prepare a hair cosmetic with a more viscous appearance. The result of this choice is the realization of hydrogel formulations containing a mixture of cationic polymers with conditioning action and a gelling agent, selected and evaluated through a compatibility protocol. Once the final formulation was determined, the three hydrogels with each active and the hydrogel without active were divided into two containers, one of which was stored at 20°C and the other at 40°C for a total time of two months, in order to evaluate their stability. The evaluation of the samples concerns the determination of any separative or precipitative phenomena, changes in organoleptic characteristics and pH value as well as the definition of the rheological profile and the control of viscosity over time. In conclusion, the results obtained show a higher amount of amino groups in the protein powder derived from Wheat than those from Moringa and Pea. The primary amino groups in the environment tend to be protonic acid, determining the formation of positive charges that can interact by electrostatic attraction with the surface negative charges of the hair. From the results of the rheological profiles we observe a loss of viscosity and a slight lowering of pH in gels containing the active ingredients at temperatures of 40°C. This confirms the character of instability of the protein substances when subjected to temperatures of 40°C, which will therefore require further studies for the optimization of the formula in order to obtain a stable product over time.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/12562