Introduction: Several studies described burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, literature published on these topics in 2020 has not been synthesized yet. Objective: To systematically synthesize evidence regarding burnout and PTSD among nurses engaged in the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting their risk and protective factors. Methods: A systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42021227939) was performed, searching literature published in 2020 on Pubmed, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycInfo. We quantitatively pooled means of included studies measuring burnout and PTSD with the same tools. Results: Twenty-five studies were included in this review. Seven (3766 nurses) were included in the meta-analysis for estimating means of depersonalization and emotional exhaustion assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, respectively: 7,40 (95%CI=6,00-8,80) and 22,82 (95%CI=19,24-26,41). Likely, 12 studies were used to estimate two pooled means for PTSD, one for six studies adopting the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (1551 nurses), and six adopting the PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (8547 nurses). The main risk and protective factors of both outcomes were female sex and younger age, work-related variables, and physical and mental factors, such as concerns, skin lesions from wearing personal protective equipment. Conclusions: This systematic review portrayed the situation described in literature during 2020 on nurses’ burnout and PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the outcomes’ levels described in the included studies are diverse, the broad situation appears alarming, and supportive multi-level strategies, considering individual and system-level, should be planned to decrease the described scenario's worsening within the clinical settings avoid middle and long-term negative consequences. Keywords: burnout; COVID-19; depersonalization; emotional exhaustion; healthcare workers
Introduzione: Diversi studi hanno descritto il burnout e il disturbo post-traumatico da stress (DSPT) degli infermieri durante la pandemia COVID-19. Tuttavia, la letteratura pubblicata su questi argomenti nel 2020 non è stata ancora sintetizzata. Obiettivo: Sintetizzare sistematicamente gli studi riguardanti il burnout e il DSPT tra gli infermieri impegnati in prima linea durante la pandemia COVID-19, evidenziandone i fattori di rischio e protettivi. Metodi: È stata condotta una revisione sistematica (PROSPERO: CRD42021227939), cercando la letteratura pubblicata nel 2020 su PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL e PsycInfo. Sono state raggruppate quantitativamente le medie degli studi inclusi che hanno misurato il burnout e il DSPT con gli stessi strumenti di valutazione. Risultati: Venticinque studi sono stati inclusi in questa revisione. Sette (3766 infermieri) sono stati inclusi nella metanalisi per stimare le medie della depersonalizzazione e dell'esaurimento emotivo, valutati usando il Maslach Burnout Inventory: 7,40 (95%CI=6,00-8,80) e 22,82 (95%CI=19,24-26,41), rispettivamente. Allo stesso modo, 12 studi sono stati utilizzati per calcolare due medie aggregate per il DSPT: una per sei studi che hanno adottato l’Impact of Event Scale-Revised (1551 infermieri) e, una per gli altri sei che hanno adoperato la PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (8547 infermieri). I principali fattori di rischio e protettivi di entrambi gli esiti erano il sesso femminile e l'età più giovane, le variabili legate al lavoro e i fattori fisici e mentali, come le preoccupazioni legate alla pandemia, le lesioni cutanee dovute all'uso di dispositivi di protezione individuale. Conclusioni: Questa revisione sistematica ha ritratto la situazione descritta in letteratura nel corso del 2020 sul burnout e il DSPT degli infermieri durante la pandemia COVID-19. Anche se i livelli dei risultati descritti negli studi inclusi sono diversi, dati i contesti e fattori di influenza differenti, la situazione generale appare allarmante. Pertanto, le strategie di supporto a più livelli, considerando sia quello individuale e che di sistema, dovrebbero essere pianificate per limitare il progredire del peggioramento dello scenario descritto nei contesti clinici, al fine di evitare conseguenze negative a medio e lungo termine e salvaguardare il benessere psico-fisico di questi professionisti della salute. Parole chiave: burnout; COVID-19; depersonalizzazione; esaurimento emotivo; disturbo da stress post- traumatico; infermieri; operatori sanitari.
Burnout e disturbo da stress post-traumatico negli infermieri in prima linea durante la pandemia Covid-19: una revisione sistematica di letteratura e metanalisi
ANNALORO, CHIARA
2019/2020
Abstract
Introduction: Several studies described burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, literature published on these topics in 2020 has not been synthesized yet. Objective: To systematically synthesize evidence regarding burnout and PTSD among nurses engaged in the frontline during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting their risk and protective factors. Methods: A systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42021227939) was performed, searching literature published in 2020 on Pubmed, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycInfo. We quantitatively pooled means of included studies measuring burnout and PTSD with the same tools. Results: Twenty-five studies were included in this review. Seven (3766 nurses) were included in the meta-analysis for estimating means of depersonalization and emotional exhaustion assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, respectively: 7,40 (95%CI=6,00-8,80) and 22,82 (95%CI=19,24-26,41). Likely, 12 studies were used to estimate two pooled means for PTSD, one for six studies adopting the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (1551 nurses), and six adopting the PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (8547 nurses). The main risk and protective factors of both outcomes were female sex and younger age, work-related variables, and physical and mental factors, such as concerns, skin lesions from wearing personal protective equipment. Conclusions: This systematic review portrayed the situation described in literature during 2020 on nurses’ burnout and PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the outcomes’ levels described in the included studies are diverse, the broad situation appears alarming, and supportive multi-level strategies, considering individual and system-level, should be planned to decrease the described scenario's worsening within the clinical settings avoid middle and long-term negative consequences. Keywords: burnout; COVID-19; depersonalization; emotional exhaustion; healthcare workersÈ consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/12658