Palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings are considered as the most valuable transformations to construct the C-C and C-heteroatom bonds. However, palladium is a rare metal and in 2020, for the ninth consecutive year, the quantity extracted was not even sufficient to satisfy the overall demand. As a result, a drastic increase in its price has been observed in recent decades. My thesis work is part of a company project aimed at optimizing palladium consumption and is divided into two parts. The first part concerns the optimization of palladium consumption in the synthesis of the intermediate Armin (name of fantasy given the patent coverage) covering four potential ways: micellar catalysis, the use of Fe-ppm Pd nanoparticles, heterogeneous catalysis (Pd/C) and the use of high efficiency catalysts such as “Superstable Pd(0)”. The second part concerns the recovery of palladium from the streams-out of two processes that allow the synthesis of Abirateron and Armin.
Tra i metalli di transizione, il palladio è senz’altro quello che può vantare la maggiore utilità nella sintesi organica. Il suo utilizzo ha ampliato, notevolmente, la gamma di reazioni di cui un chimico sintetico può avvalersi.I processi catalizzati dal palladio sono diventati strumenti essenziali per la sintesi di prodotti naturali, polimeri, prodotti agrochimici e farmaceutici. Tale lavoro di tesi si inserisce nell’ambito di un progetto aziendale volto ad ottimizzare il consumo di palladio in cross-couplings di Suzuki-Miyaura. La prima parte ha riguardato l'ottimizzazione del consumo di palladio in uno step della sintesi di un principio attivo farmaceutico percorrendo le seguenti potenziali vie: la catalisi micellare; l'impiego di nanoparticelle di Fe-ppm Pd; la catalisi in fase eterogenea (Pd/C); l'uso di catalizzatori ad alta efficienza (Superstable Pd). Mentre la seconda parte ha visto il recupero del palladio dagli streams-out di due processi industriali.
Ottimizzazione del consumo di palladio nelle reazioni di cross-coupling di Suzuki-Miyaura
MATINA, FRANCESCA
2019/2020
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings are considered as the most valuable transformations to construct the C-C and C-heteroatom bonds. However, palladium is a rare metal and in 2020, for the ninth consecutive year, the quantity extracted was not even sufficient to satisfy the overall demand. As a result, a drastic increase in its price has been observed in recent decades. My thesis work is part of a company project aimed at optimizing palladium consumption and is divided into two parts. The first part concerns the optimization of palladium consumption in the synthesis of the intermediate Armin (name of fantasy given the patent coverage) covering four potential ways: micellar catalysis, the use of Fe-ppm Pd nanoparticles, heterogeneous catalysis (Pd/C) and the use of high efficiency catalysts such as “Superstable Pd(0)”. The second part concerns the recovery of palladium from the streams-out of two processes that allow the synthesis of Abirateron and Armin.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/12994