This thesis is based on the internship carried out at Potsdam's Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces. The project's aim was to synthesize a library of peptidoglycans that could potentially be used on microarrays, in order to diagnose Multiple Sclerosis. Peptidoglycans are the main components of the cellular walls of most bacteria and their structure consists of glycan linear filaments, cross-linked by short peptides chains. This thesis was a preliminary research work on the synthesis of the oligosaccharide chains, realized by synthesizing their two main components and then assembling them through an automated glycan assembly (AGA). Glycan chains, which had to mimic natural chains, were built starting from alternate residues of N-acetilglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc). First of all, two building blocks were synthesized, which correspond to the priorly cited monosaccharides, specifically projected in order to be used inside the AGA. To obtain these two molecules, a divergent synthesis starting from the D-glucosamine was carried out, with the first five steps being common for both compounds. The building block relative to the N-acetylglucosamine was produced through four more synthesis steps, according to established procedures; to obtain the other compound, instead, other four molecules not present in the literature had to be synthesized. At this point, starting from the two building blocks, three oligosaccharides were synthesized by using the AGA and by alternating the two compounds: dimer, trimer and tetramer. This thesis work was concluded with the synthesis of these three structures. The continuation of the project plans to synthesize oligosaccharides chains with more units, link them to oligopeptides chains previously synthesized and arrange them neatly on solid supports. The final aim, in fact, is to obtain microarrays made of peptidoglycan libraries, finalized at the screening of biological matrix, to try to identify useful markers for the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.
Il presente lavoro di tesi è basato sul tirocinio svolto presso il Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces di Potsdam. Lo scopo è stato quello di sintetizzare una libreria di peptidoglicani che possa essere potenzialmente utilizzata su dei microarray per la diagnosi della Sclerosi Multipla. I peptidoglicani sono i componenti principali delle pareti cellulari della maggior parte dei batteri e la loro struttura è costituita da filamenti lineari di glicani, reticolati da brevi catene di peptidi. Questa tesi è stata un lavoro di ricerca preliminare sulla sintesi delle catene oligosaccaridiche, condotta sintetizzandone i due componenti fondamentali e assemblandoli successivamente tramite un sintetizzatore automatico di glicani (AGA). Le catene glicaniche, dovendo mimare quelle naturali, sono state assemblate a partire da residui alternati di N-acetilglucosammina (GlcNAc) e acido N-acetilmuramico (MurNAc). Anzitutto sono stati sintetizzati due building block, che corrispondono ai monosaccaridi prima citati, progettati in modo tale da poter essere utilizzati all’interno dell’AGA. Per poter ottenere queste due molecole è stata svolta una sintesi divergente a partire dalla D-glucosammina, nella quale i primi cinque step erano comuni per entrambi i composti. Il building block relativo alla N-acetilglucosammina è stato portato a termine con altri quattro passaggi sintetici tramite procedure già note; per arrivare all’altro composto, invece, sono state sintetizzate quattro molecole non ancora presenti in letteratura. A questo punto, a partire dai due building block sono stati sintetizzati, attraverso l’uso del sintetizzatore automatico di glicani e alternando i due composti, tre oligosaccaridi: dimero, trimero e tetramero. Il presente lavoro si è concluso con la sintesi di queste tre strutture. La prosecuzione del progetto prevede di provare a sintetizzare catene oligosaccaridiche con più unità, legarle a catene oligopeptidiche precedentemente sintetizzate e disporle ordinatamente su dei supporti solidi. Il fine ultimo infatti è quello di ottenere dei microarray composti da librerie di peptidoglicani, finalizzati allo screening di matrici biologiche, per cercare di individuare dei marker utili alla diagnosi della Sclerosi Multipla.
Sintesi automatizzata di frammenti di peptidoglicani
BENAZZI, VALENTINA
2019/2020
Abstract
This thesis is based on the internship carried out at Potsdam's Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces. The project's aim was to synthesize a library of peptidoglycans that could potentially be used on microarrays, in order to diagnose Multiple Sclerosis. Peptidoglycans are the main components of the cellular walls of most bacteria and their structure consists of glycan linear filaments, cross-linked by short peptides chains. This thesis was a preliminary research work on the synthesis of the oligosaccharide chains, realized by synthesizing their two main components and then assembling them through an automated glycan assembly (AGA). Glycan chains, which had to mimic natural chains, were built starting from alternate residues of N-acetilglucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc). First of all, two building blocks were synthesized, which correspond to the priorly cited monosaccharides, specifically projected in order to be used inside the AGA. To obtain these two molecules, a divergent synthesis starting from the D-glucosamine was carried out, with the first five steps being common for both compounds. The building block relative to the N-acetylglucosamine was produced through four more synthesis steps, according to established procedures; to obtain the other compound, instead, other four molecules not present in the literature had to be synthesized. At this point, starting from the two building blocks, three oligosaccharides were synthesized by using the AGA and by alternating the two compounds: dimer, trimer and tetramer. This thesis work was concluded with the synthesis of these three structures. The continuation of the project plans to synthesize oligosaccharides chains with more units, link them to oligopeptides chains previously synthesized and arrange them neatly on solid supports. The final aim, in fact, is to obtain microarrays made of peptidoglycan libraries, finalized at the screening of biological matrix, to try to identify useful markers for the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/13009