The Ancient Silk Road is trade route, linking China with the West, trading goods and ideas between the two great civilizations of Rome and China. (Joshua J. Mark,2012 ) The linking up of the steppes into an interlocking and interconnecting world was accelerated by the growing ambitions of China. Under the Han dynasty(206 BC--AD 220), waves of the expansion had pushed frontiers ever further, eventually reaching a province then called XiYu(or ‘western regions’), but today known as XinJiang (‘new frontierland’). This lay beyond the Gansu corridor, a route 600 miles.It was formally established during along linking the Chinese interior with the oasis city of Dunhuang, a crossroads on the edge of the Taklamakan desert. (Peter Frankopan ,2015 ) The European explorer Marco Polo (1254-1324 CE) traveled on these routes and described them in depth in his famous work but he is not credited with naming routes. (Joshua J. Mark ,2012) The German geologist, geographer, and explorer Ferdinand von Richthofen, who coined the words "Seidenstraße" (Silk Road) and "Seidenstraßen" (Silk Roads) in 1877. (Alfred J. Andrea ,2014) (see Fig.1) Marco Polo, and later von Richthofen, make mention of the goods which were transported back and forth on the Silk Road. It was not only goods that flowed along the arteries that linked the Pacific, India, Central Asia, the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean in antiquity; also the ideas did spread. (Peter Frankopan ,2015) In September 2013, during his visit to Kazakhstan, Chinese President Xi Jinping called for estab-lishment of a new regional cooperation model, by jointly building the “Silk Road Economic Belt”. One month later, in Indonesia, President Xi again called for creation of the Asian Infrastructure Development Bank (AIIB) and construction of the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”. These pro-posals are officially termed as the “One Belt & One Road Initiative” (OBOR) or the “Belt & Road Initiative” (BRI). In November 2013, this Initiative was written into the comprehensive reform blueprint adopted by the Party leadership as a key policy priority before 2020.(Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, 2013)China’s OBOR initiatives are rooted in history and in-spired by the historic Silk Road (丝绸之路), an extensive network of maritime and land routes for trade, communication and cultural exchanges that once linked China with the countries of Asia, Middle East, and Africa to Europe. It fell into disuse around the 1600s after a few glorious centu-ries. The Chinese authority describes Southeast Asia as an important commercial hub along the maritime Silk Road route, playing an indispensable role in expanding China’s external trade with the outside world. The rise of China as a formidable global economic power is enabling it to ex-pand its geopolitical influence. The implementation of OBOR initiatives will give China greater ac-cess to energy and other natural resources, from countries such as Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Russia, and enormous markets along the Silk Road route to power sustained economic growth at home and advance its national economic inter-ests abroad. The infrastructure development, trade and economic initiatives of the Silk Road strategy will reinforce China’s geopolitical position in the region and throughout the world. (Hong Yu ,2017)
L'antica strada di seta è il percorso commerciale, che collega la Cina con l'Occidente, permettendo lo scambio di idee di negoziazione e merci tra le due grandi civiltà di Roma e della Cina. (Joshua J. Mark, 2012) Il collegamento delle steppe in un mondo di interblocco e interconnessione è stato accelerato dalle crescenti ambizioni della Cina. Sotto la dinastia Han (206 BC - AD 220), le onde dell'espansione avevano spinto ulteriormente le frontiere, alla fine raggiungendo una provincia chiamata XiYu (o "regioni occidentali"), ma oggi conosciuta come Xinjiang ("Nuova terra di frontiera"). Questo si colloca oltre il corridoio Gansu, un percorso di 600 miglia? Kilometri? è stato formalmente stabilito lungo il collegamento dell'interno cinese con la città oasi di Dunhuang, un crocevia sul bordo del deserto del Taklamakan. (Peter Frankopan, 2015) L'esploratore italiano Explorer Marco Polo (1254-1324 CE) ha viaggiato su questi percorsi e li ha descritti in profondità nel suo famoso lavoro. (Joshua J. Mark, 2012) Il geologo tedesco, geografo e esploratore Ferdinand von Richthofen ha coniato le parole "Seidenstraße" (Silk Road) e "Seidenstraßen" (Silk Roads) nel 1877. (Alfred J. Andrea, 2014) Marco Polo, e successivamente von richthofen, parlano dei beni che sono stati trasportati lungo la Via della Seta. Non erano solo beni che scorrevano lungo le arterie che collegavano il Pacifico, l'India, l'Asia centrale, il Golfo Persico e il Mediterraneo nell'antichità; anche le idee si sono diffuse. (Peter Frankopan, 2015) Nel settembre 2013, durante la sua visita al Kazakistan, il presidente cinese Xi Jinping ha chiamato la predisposizione di un nuovo modello di cooperazione regionale, costruendo congiuntamente la "cintura economica della strada di seta". Un mese dopo, in Indonesia, il presidente XI ha nuovamente chiesto la creazione della Banca di sviluppo delle infrastrutture asiatiche (AIIB) e la costruzione della "Strada marittima del 21 ° secolo". Questi proposte sono ufficialmente definite come "un'iniziativa di una cintura e una strada" (OBOR) o "Belt & Road Initiative" (BRI). Nel novembre 2013, tale iniziativa è stata scritta nel progetto di riforma globale adottata dalla leadership del partito come priorità della politica chiave prima del 2020. (Comitato centrale del Partito Comunista della Cina, 2013) Le iniziative di OBOR della Cina sono radicate nella storia e nella storica Silk Road (丝绸之 路), una vasta rete di percorsi marittimi e terreni per scambi commerciali, comunicazione e scambi culturali che una volta collegavano la Cina con i paesi dell'Asia, del Medio Oriente e dell'Africa in Europa. Caduta in disuso intorno al 1600 dopo alcuni gloriosi secoli. L'Autorità cinese descrive il sud-est asiatico come un importante hub commerciale lungo la strada marittima della seta della seta, svolgendo un ruolo indispensabile nell'espansione del commercio esterno della Cina con il mondo esterno. L'ascesa della Cina come un formidabile potere economico globale avviene consentendo l’espansione della sua influenza geopolitica. L'implementazione delle iniziative di OBOR darà alla Cina accesso a energia e altre risorse naturali, da paesi come il Turkmenistan, il Kazakistan e la Russia e gli enormi mercati lungo la rotta di seta possono sostenerea la crescita economica domestica e far progredire i suoi interessi economici all’estero. Lo sviluppo dell'infrastruttura, le iniziative commerciali ed economiche della strategia della Silk Road rafforzerà la posizione geopolitica della Cina nella regione e in tutto il mondo. (Hong Yu, 2017)
LE VIE DELLA SETA IN CINA
HALISHA, TAILAITI
2020/2021
Abstract
The Ancient Silk Road is trade route, linking China with the West, trading goods and ideas between the two great civilizations of Rome and China. (Joshua J. Mark,2012 ) The linking up of the steppes into an interlocking and interconnecting world was accelerated by the growing ambitions of China. Under the Han dynasty(206 BC--AD 220), waves of the expansion had pushed frontiers ever further, eventually reaching a province then called XiYu(or ‘western regions’), but today known as XinJiang (‘new frontierland’). This lay beyond the Gansu corridor, a route 600 miles.It was formally established during along linking the Chinese interior with the oasis city of Dunhuang, a crossroads on the edge of the Taklamakan desert. (Peter Frankopan ,2015 ) The European explorer Marco Polo (1254-1324 CE) traveled on these routes and described them in depth in his famous work but he is not credited with naming routes. (Joshua J. Mark ,2012) The German geologist, geographer, and explorer Ferdinand von Richthofen, who coined the words "Seidenstraße" (Silk Road) and "Seidenstraßen" (Silk Roads) in 1877. (Alfred J. Andrea ,2014) (see Fig.1) Marco Polo, and later von Richthofen, make mention of the goods which were transported back and forth on the Silk Road. It was not only goods that flowed along the arteries that linked the Pacific, India, Central Asia, the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean in antiquity; also the ideas did spread. (Peter Frankopan ,2015) In September 2013, during his visit to Kazakhstan, Chinese President Xi Jinping called for estab-lishment of a new regional cooperation model, by jointly building the “Silk Road Economic Belt”. One month later, in Indonesia, President Xi again called for creation of the Asian Infrastructure Development Bank (AIIB) and construction of the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road”. These pro-posals are officially termed as the “One Belt & One Road Initiative” (OBOR) or the “Belt & Road Initiative” (BRI). In November 2013, this Initiative was written into the comprehensive reform blueprint adopted by the Party leadership as a key policy priority before 2020.(Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, 2013)China’s OBOR initiatives are rooted in history and in-spired by the historic Silk Road (丝绸之路), an extensive network of maritime and land routes for trade, communication and cultural exchanges that once linked China with the countries of Asia, Middle East, and Africa to Europe. It fell into disuse around the 1600s after a few glorious centu-ries. The Chinese authority describes Southeast Asia as an important commercial hub along the maritime Silk Road route, playing an indispensable role in expanding China’s external trade with the outside world. The rise of China as a formidable global economic power is enabling it to ex-pand its geopolitical influence. The implementation of OBOR initiatives will give China greater ac-cess to energy and other natural resources, from countries such as Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan and Russia, and enormous markets along the Silk Road route to power sustained economic growth at home and advance its national economic inter-ests abroad. The infrastructure development, trade and economic initiatives of the Silk Road strategy will reinforce China’s geopolitical position in the region and throughout the world. (Hong Yu ,2017)È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/1319