This thesis was carried out with the aim of bringing to attention a theme that has taken on great importance in recent years, namely Privacy in Social Media, in particular within the number one in the sector: Facebook. The analysis wants to demonstrate how on social platforms are shared billions of information by users and how these are used by third-party companies to profit from them. Starting from the definition of personal data and its evolution, the strategies and dynamics inherent in the Social Media market are introduced, explaining the reason for their success and what lies behind their unknown functioning: the patrimonialization of personal data. To do this, two key concepts of the Web era are introduced: Big Data and Algorithm. To delve into the operation of the Facebook Algorithm, the company’s history is retraced and the sources of revenue that led Facebook to reach a turnover of 85.9 billion dollars are analyzed. Just because the use of the algorithm involves a careful analysis of personal data, it is not surprising that Facebook, and Social Media in general, have raised multiple issues related to the issue of protection of privacy. For this reason, the General Data Protection Regulation was set out in this paper. Starting more generally from the concept of Privacy and the right to privacy and protection of their data, was introduced the new European Regulation 2016/679 (GDPR), the adaptation of national legislation and fundamental notions such as identity, the object and methods of lawful processing, types of personal data, the principle of transparency, information, consent and use of Cookie. This analysis of the general profiles of lawfulness and responsibility allows to introduce a chapter dealing with the right to privacy specifically within Social Media and Facebook, whose control over the protection of users' personal information includes a set of tools to restrict the circulation of users' personal information. The following pages analyse and explain the legislation and new regulations that Facebook has placed on its platform, with reference to the processing of data, third-party companies that access it, the use of Cookie, exceptions regarding minors, business actions, advertising ads and the purposes with which the data are collected and used. The thesis concludes by outlining the main consequences of incorrect use of Social Media. It discusses the dependence on social media and the physical and psychological problems arising from excessive use, the theft of identity and personal images of users, such as social engineering and phishing, Pedopornography, the Sextortion, Sexting and Goorming, but also the advent and increasing expansion of the phenomenon of Fake News. Being always connected in every place has positive and negative sides, any information that voluntarily or unintentionally is left in the network leaves an indelible trace on who we are and what we do as users and people. This can lead to serious risks that have repercussions on real life. The theft of millions of identities that occurred in February 2021 on the Facebook platform is an example of this. The way to counter these phenomena is one, educate users. It is necessary that whoever uses the network and shares information is aware of what such sharing entails, of the dangers, of the risks, of all that is hidden behind the idyllic image that is shown by services that propose themselves as free. Because it’s important that people know that if they don’t pay for a product, it’s because they’re the product themselves.
Questo elaborato è stato svolto con l’obiettivo di portare alla luce una questione che ha assunto grande rilievo negli ultimi anni, ovvero la Privacy nei Social Media, in particolare all’interno del numero uno del settore: Facebook. L’analisi è volta a dimostrare come sulle piattaforme social vengano condivise miliardi di informazioni dagli stessi utenti e come queste vengano utilizzate da aziende terze per trarne profitto. Partendo dalla definizione e dalla loro evoluzione, viene introdotta la spiegazione del loro funzionamento, delle strategie e delle dinamiche insite nel mercato dei Social Media. Viene spiegato il motivo del loro successo e ciò che si cela dietro al loro sconosciuto funzionamento: la patrimonializzazione dei dati personali. Per fare ciò vengono introdotti due concetti chiave dell’era del Web.2.0, ovvero quelli di Big Data e di Algoritmo. Per spiegare il funzionamento dell’Algoritmo di Facebook viene ripercorsa la storia della società e vengono analizzate le fonti di guadagno che hanno portato Facebook a raggiungere un fatturato da 85,9 miliardi di dollari. Proprio per il fatto che l’uso dell’Algoritmo comporta un’attenta analisi dei dati personali, in questo elaborato è stato esposto il regolamento generale sulla protezione dei dati personali. Partendo più in generale dal concetto stesso di Privacy e di diritto alla riservatezza, è stato introdotto il nuovo Regolamento europeo 2016/679 (GDPR), l’adattamento della normativa nazionale e nozioni fondamentali quali l’identità, l’oggetto e le modalità di trattamento lecite, le tipologie di dati personali, il principio di trasparenza, l’informativa, il consenso e l’utilizzo dei cookie. Questa analisi dei profili generali di liceità e responsabilità permette di introdurre un capitolo che tratta del diritto alla Privacy specificamente all’interno dei Social Media e di Facebook, il cui controllo sulla protezione delle informazioni personali degli utenti comprende una serie di strumenti volti a limitare la circolazione delle stesse. Nelle pagine seguenti viene analizzata e spiegata la normativa e le nuove regolamentazioni che Facebook ha disposto sulla sua piattaforma, in riferimento al trattamento dei dati, alle aziende terze che vi accedono, all’utilizzo di cookie, alle eccezioni riguardanti i minori, alle azioni di business, alle inserzioni pubblicitarie e alle finalità con le quali i dati vengono raccolti e utilizzati. L’elaborato si conclude esponendo le principali conseguenze derivanti da un uso non corretto dei Social Media. Vengono discussi la dipendenza dai Social Media e i problemi fisici e psicologici derivanti da un eccessivo utilizzo, i furti d’identità e di immagini personali degli utenti, quali il social engineering ed il phishing, la pedopornografia, il Sextortion, Sexting e Goorming, ma anche l’avvento e l’espansione sempre crescente del fenomeno delle Fake News. L’essere sempre connessi in ogni luogo comporta dei lati e positivi e dei lati negativi, ogni informazione che volontariamente o involontariamente viene lasciata nella rete lascia una traccia indelebile su chi siamo e cosa facciamo come utenti e persone, questo può comportare gravi rischi che hanno ripercussioni sulla vita reale. Il furto di milioni di identità accaduto nel febbraio del 2021 sulla piattaforma Facebook ne è un esempio. Il modo per contrastare questi fenomeni è uno solo, educare gli utenti. È necessario che chiunque utilizzi la rete e condivida informazioni sia cosciente di ciò che tale condivisione comporta, dei pericoli, dei rischi, di tutto ciò che si cela dietro l’immagine idilliaca che viene mostrata da servizi che si propongono come gratuiti. Perché è importante che le persone sappiano che se non pagano per un prodotto è perché sono loro stessi il prodotto.
PRIVACY E FACEBOOK - PATRIMONIALIZZAZIONE DEI DATI PERSONALI E RISCHI PER GLI UTENTI
PORTALUPPI, TATIANA
2020/2021
Abstract
This thesis was carried out with the aim of bringing to attention a theme that has taken on great importance in recent years, namely Privacy in Social Media, in particular within the number one in the sector: Facebook. The analysis wants to demonstrate how on social platforms are shared billions of information by users and how these are used by third-party companies to profit from them. Starting from the definition of personal data and its evolution, the strategies and dynamics inherent in the Social Media market are introduced, explaining the reason for their success and what lies behind their unknown functioning: the patrimonialization of personal data. To do this, two key concepts of the Web era are introduced: Big Data and Algorithm. To delve into the operation of the Facebook Algorithm, the company’s history is retraced and the sources of revenue that led Facebook to reach a turnover of 85.9 billion dollars are analyzed. Just because the use of the algorithm involves a careful analysis of personal data, it is not surprising that Facebook, and Social Media in general, have raised multiple issues related to the issue of protection of privacy. For this reason, the General Data Protection Regulation was set out in this paper. Starting more generally from the concept of Privacy and the right to privacy and protection of their data, was introduced the new European Regulation 2016/679 (GDPR), the adaptation of national legislation and fundamental notions such as identity, the object and methods of lawful processing, types of personal data, the principle of transparency, information, consent and use of Cookie. This analysis of the general profiles of lawfulness and responsibility allows to introduce a chapter dealing with the right to privacy specifically within Social Media and Facebook, whose control over the protection of users' personal information includes a set of tools to restrict the circulation of users' personal information. The following pages analyse and explain the legislation and new regulations that Facebook has placed on its platform, with reference to the processing of data, third-party companies that access it, the use of Cookie, exceptions regarding minors, business actions, advertising ads and the purposes with which the data are collected and used. The thesis concludes by outlining the main consequences of incorrect use of Social Media. It discusses the dependence on social media and the physical and psychological problems arising from excessive use, the theft of identity and personal images of users, such as social engineering and phishing, Pedopornography, the Sextortion, Sexting and Goorming, but also the advent and increasing expansion of the phenomenon of Fake News. Being always connected in every place has positive and negative sides, any information that voluntarily or unintentionally is left in the network leaves an indelible trace on who we are and what we do as users and people. This can lead to serious risks that have repercussions on real life. The theft of millions of identities that occurred in February 2021 on the Facebook platform is an example of this. The way to counter these phenomena is one, educate users. It is necessary that whoever uses the network and shares information is aware of what such sharing entails, of the dangers, of the risks, of all that is hidden behind the idyllic image that is shown by services that propose themselves as free. Because it’s important that people know that if they don’t pay for a product, it’s because they’re the product themselves.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/1339