BACKGROUND Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering skin disease, characterized by the development of auto-antibodies against hemidesmosomal components BP180 and BP230. The mainstay of therapy are topical and systemic corticosteroids (CS) and immunosuppressors. As this pathology mainly involves the elderly, patients often have numerous comorbidities that influence the clinical management. Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody which has recently emerged as a promising treatment for BP in patients for whom CS are contraindicated, conventional treatments have failed to control the disease and in cases of corticosteroid-dependent BP. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS For this study, we retrospectively evaluated all the patients receiving treatment for bullous pemphigoid in our institution; among 222 subjects evaluated for BP in the last 10 years, we selected 5 patients who presented with corticosteroid-dependent BP, with a contraindication to the use of other immunosuppressive treatments. OBJECTIVES The objectives of our study were to evaluate the effectiveness of omalizumab in controlling BP and allowing to decrease the dosage of systemic CS, assessing the effects of omalizumab on the titres of circulating anti-BP180 and BP230 antibodies, IgE, eosinophils and comparing the characteristics of the patients studied with those described in literature, by conducting a literature review. RESULTS It was found that a reduction in the dose of systemic CS was possible in 100% of the patients in our institution and 91.7% of the cases in literature. Complete resolution of the clinical picture was seen in 100% for skin lesions and 50% for pruritus in our patients, versus 50% and 52.8%, respectively, in the literature. A reduction of circulating IgE was found in 60% of our patients, anti-BP180 and BP230 IgGs were decreased in 60% and eosinophils in 80%, while the reduction observed in the literature was in 75%, 87% and 66.7% of subjects respectively, considering, however, that these data were not reported for all patients.
BACKGROUND Il pemfigoide bolloso è la malattia bollosa autoimmune più diffusa, caratterizzata dalla presenza di autoanticorpi diretti contro le proteine emidesmosomiali BP180 e BP230. Il trattamento si basa sull’impiego di corticosteroidi topici e sistemici ed altri farmaci immunosoppressori. Trattandosi di una patologia che tipicamente colpisce soggetti anziani, la presenza di comorbidità può spesso complicare la gestione terapeutica. Omalizumab è un anticorpo monoclonale umanizzato che agisce legandosi alle IgE. Recentemente questo farmaco è stato considerato come un possibile adiuvante nel trattamento di pazienti affetti da BP con controindicazioni all’utilizzo di corticosteroidi, in pazienti in cui le terapie convenzionali non hanno ottenuto il controllo della malattia, e nei casi di BP corticosteroide-dipendente. METODI E PARTECIPANTI In questo studio sono stati valutati retrospettivamente tutti i pazienti trattati per pemfigoide bolloso presso la nostra Clinica; in un pool di 222 pazienti afferiti negli ultimi 10 anni, sono stati selezionati 5 pazienti, affetti da una forma di pemfigoide bolloso corticosteroide-dipendente, che presentavano controindicazioni all’utilizzo di ulteriori farmaci immunosoppressori. OBIETTIVI Gli obiettivi dello studio erano di valutare l’efficacia di omalizumab nel controllo della patologia, permettendo di diminuire il dosaggio di corticosteroidi sistemici somministrato ai pazienti, oltre a valutare gli effetti di omalizumab sui titoli di anticorpi contro BP180 e BP230, IgE ed eosinofili, per poi comparare le caratteristiche dei pazienti con quelle dei casi descritti fin ora in letteratura, tramite la stesura di una revisione. RISULTATI È stato possibile ottenere una riduzione del dosaggio di corticosteroidi sistemici nel 100% dei pazienti trattati e nel 91.7% dei casi riportati in letteratura. Inoltre, la risoluzione del quadro clinico cutaneo e del prurito sono state riscontrate rispettivamente nel 100% e 50% dei pazienti valutati nello studio e 50% e 52.8% dei casi in letteratura. È stata osservata una diminuzione nei titoli di IgE circolanti nel 60% dei pazienti studiati, una riduzione dei titoli di anticorpi contro BP180 e BP230 nel 60% e degli eosinofili nell’80%, mentre questi risultati sono stati accertati rispettivamente nel 75%, 87% e 66.7% dei casi riportati in letteratura, considerando, tuttavia, che questi dati non sono stati riportati per tutti i pazienti descritti dalla letteratura.
Omalizumab in the treatment of bullous pemphigoid: a study on 5 patients and review of literature
SOMENZI, ANITA
2021/2022
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering skin disease, characterized by the development of auto-antibodies against hemidesmosomal components BP180 and BP230. The mainstay of therapy are topical and systemic corticosteroids (CS) and immunosuppressors. As this pathology mainly involves the elderly, patients often have numerous comorbidities that influence the clinical management. Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody which has recently emerged as a promising treatment for BP in patients for whom CS are contraindicated, conventional treatments have failed to control the disease and in cases of corticosteroid-dependent BP. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS For this study, we retrospectively evaluated all the patients receiving treatment for bullous pemphigoid in our institution; among 222 subjects evaluated for BP in the last 10 years, we selected 5 patients who presented with corticosteroid-dependent BP, with a contraindication to the use of other immunosuppressive treatments. OBJECTIVES The objectives of our study were to evaluate the effectiveness of omalizumab in controlling BP and allowing to decrease the dosage of systemic CS, assessing the effects of omalizumab on the titres of circulating anti-BP180 and BP230 antibodies, IgE, eosinophils and comparing the characteristics of the patients studied with those described in literature, by conducting a literature review. RESULTS It was found that a reduction in the dose of systemic CS was possible in 100% of the patients in our institution and 91.7% of the cases in literature. Complete resolution of the clinical picture was seen in 100% for skin lesions and 50% for pruritus in our patients, versus 50% and 52.8%, respectively, in the literature. A reduction of circulating IgE was found in 60% of our patients, anti-BP180 and BP230 IgGs were decreased in 60% and eosinophils in 80%, while the reduction observed in the literature was in 75%, 87% and 66.7% of subjects respectively, considering, however, that these data were not reported for all patients.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/13671