Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable natural resource. Between the different components of lignocellulosic biomass, one of the most important is xylan, a hemicellulose present in large quantities in many plants and agricultural wastes. From xylan is possible to obtain various valuable products, but to allow its efficient exploitation an extensive set of carbohydrate-active enzymes is required, among which there is α-glucuronidase (AGU). AGUs catalyze the hydrolysis of glucuronic acid (GlcA) groups from xylose, sugar monosaccharides that forms the xylan backbone. AGUs are currently classified in two Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) families i.e., GH67 and GH115. In this project, 49 and 43 sequences were used to build GH67 and GH115 phylogenetic tree, respectively, from which a total of five candidates were selected. Four of them belong to GH67, from the filamentous fungi Penicillium subrubescens and Aspergillus niger. Only one candidate, from Penicillium subrubescens, was selected from GH115. Starting from the cDNA of the two fungi, the target genes were amplified and then inserted into an expression vector (pPICZαA plasmid). Escherichia coli cells were transformed with the plasmids containing the synthetic genes, for propagation and sequencing. The plasmids with the correct sequence were afterwards extracted, linearized, and transformed into the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris for heterologous expression of the enzymes. Production on a small-scale was conducted, and finally the enzyme was harvested and filtered. The activity of crude enzymes was tested using Beechwood xylan and glucuronoxylanase-treated Beechwood xylan. The results showed almost all selected candidates preferred to hydrolyse glucuronoxylanase-treated Beechwood xylan rather than Beechwood xylan, of which two candidates (P. subrubescens 5433 and A. niger 1069) could release the highest amount glucuronic acid from active substrate, showing remarkable AGU activity. Three candidates, i.e., P. subrubescens 7919, 13522 and 13664, showed low or no activity towards tested substrates. The silico study revealed that P. subrubescens 7919 and 13522 missed a secretory signal peptides in their sequences, which suggested they might be intracellular enzymes. In next stage, all candidates will be produced in large scale and a detailed characterization will be done.
La biomassa lignocellulosica è una risorsa naturale abbondante e rinnovabile. Tra le sue componenti una delle più importanti è lo xilano, un'emicellulosa presente in molte piante e rifiuti agricoli in grandi quantità. Dallo xilano è possibile ottenere numerosi prodotti utili, ma per consentirne uno sfruttamento efficiente è necessaria una vasta gamma di enzimi attivi sui carboidrati, tra cui troviamo l’α-glucuronidasi (AGU). Questo enzima catalizza il rilascio dell’acido glucuronico (GlcA) dallo xilosio, zucchero che fa da struttura portante negli xilani. Le AGU sono attualmente classificate in due famiglie di glicoside idrolasi (GH) ovvero GH67 e GH115. In questo progetto, sono state utilizzate 49 e 43 sequenze di specie fungine per costruire l'albero filogenetico delle famiglie GH67 e GH115, rispettivamente. Da questi alberi sono stati selezionati un totale di cinque candidati dai funghi filamentosi Penicillium subrubescens e Aspergillus niger, quattro di loro appartenenti a GH67 mentre un solo candidato, da Penicillium subrubescens, appartenente alla famiglia GH115. Partendo dal cDNA dei due funghi, i geni bersaglio sono stati amplificati e quindi inseriti in un vettore di espressione (plasmide pPICZαA). Cellule di Escherichia coli sono state trasformate con i plasmidi contenenti i geni sintetici, per la propagazione e il sequenziamento. I plasmidi contenenti la sequenza corretta sono stati successivamente estratti, linearizzati e trasformati nel lievito metilotrofico Pichia pastoris per l'espressione eterologa degli enzimi. È stata quindi condotta produzione su piccola scala e infine l'enzima è stato raccolto e filtrato. L'attività degli enzimi grezzi è stata testata utilizzando xilano di legno di faggio e xilano di legno di faggio trattato con una glucurono-xilanasi. I risultati hanno mostrato che quasi tutti i candidati selezionati preferivano idrolizzare lo xilano di legno di faggio trattato con glucurono-xilanasi piuttosto che lo xilano di legno di faggio non trattato. Due candidati (P. subrubescens 5433 e A. niger 1069) hanno rilasciato la più alta quantità di acido glucuronico dal substrato attivo, mostrando una notevole attività AGU. Tre candidati, ovvero P. subrubescens 7919, 13522 e 13664, hanno mostrato un'attività bassa o nulla nei confronti dei substrati testati. Lo studio in silico ha rivelato che P. subrubescens 7919 e 13522 non possiedono un segnale secretorio di peptidi nelle loro sequenze, il che suggerisce che potrebbero essere enzimi intracellulari. Nella fase successiva, tutti i candidati verranno prodotti su larga scala e verrà eseguita una caratterizzazione dettagliata.
Discovery of novel GH67 and GH115 α-glucuronidases from Penicillium subrubescens and Aspergillus niger. Ricerca su nuove α-glucuronidasi delle famiglie GH67 e GH115 da Penicillium subrubescens e Aspergillus niger.
SALAMONE, LUCA
2020/2021
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is an abundant and renewable natural resource. Between the different components of lignocellulosic biomass, one of the most important is xylan, a hemicellulose present in large quantities in many plants and agricultural wastes. From xylan is possible to obtain various valuable products, but to allow its efficient exploitation an extensive set of carbohydrate-active enzymes is required, among which there is α-glucuronidase (AGU). AGUs catalyze the hydrolysis of glucuronic acid (GlcA) groups from xylose, sugar monosaccharides that forms the xylan backbone. AGUs are currently classified in two Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) families i.e., GH67 and GH115. In this project, 49 and 43 sequences were used to build GH67 and GH115 phylogenetic tree, respectively, from which a total of five candidates were selected. Four of them belong to GH67, from the filamentous fungi Penicillium subrubescens and Aspergillus niger. Only one candidate, from Penicillium subrubescens, was selected from GH115. Starting from the cDNA of the two fungi, the target genes were amplified and then inserted into an expression vector (pPICZαA plasmid). Escherichia coli cells were transformed with the plasmids containing the synthetic genes, for propagation and sequencing. The plasmids with the correct sequence were afterwards extracted, linearized, and transformed into the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris for heterologous expression of the enzymes. Production on a small-scale was conducted, and finally the enzyme was harvested and filtered. The activity of crude enzymes was tested using Beechwood xylan and glucuronoxylanase-treated Beechwood xylan. The results showed almost all selected candidates preferred to hydrolyse glucuronoxylanase-treated Beechwood xylan rather than Beechwood xylan, of which two candidates (P. subrubescens 5433 and A. niger 1069) could release the highest amount glucuronic acid from active substrate, showing remarkable AGU activity. Three candidates, i.e., P. subrubescens 7919, 13522 and 13664, showed low or no activity towards tested substrates. The silico study revealed that P. subrubescens 7919 and 13522 missed a secretory signal peptides in their sequences, which suggested they might be intracellular enzymes. In next stage, all candidates will be produced in large scale and a detailed characterization will be done.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/13761