Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death globally, there is though an increasing demand for patient specific endovascular devices development. The deployment of such devices is a complex task, which is highly dependant from the patient-specific features. Moreover, vascular congenital anomalies or anatomical variants may pose additional problems, being the traditional inter-anatomical relationships knowledge not respected. In order to achieve proficiency, training is mandatory for novice surgeons. Today, many solutions are available on the market, but they are limited from the geometrical and/or mechanical point of view. Most of the training phantoms are actually based on average or simplified anatomies. In this context, 3D printing technologies can play a pivotal role, enabling the manufacturing of patient-specific geometries. Beside, the anatomical information, it is essential to replicate also the mechanical behaviour of the specific district, in order to not impair the training or the testing of an endovascular device. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the compliance of 3D printed anatomical models with a specific commercial material (Agilus 30 - Stratasys®) , to support the training of vascular surgerons. In particular, the aorta models designed as straight tubes have been 3D printed and tested to analyze their behaviour under laminar and pulsatile flow conditions. The samples have been 3D printed in three thicknesses in order to assess the material properties in terms of compliance and capability to withstand physiological pressures. Ecographic images and videos were acquired during testing sessions to evalute the distensibility of the samples in terms of cross sectional diameter variations. First, a 3D printed dedicated setup was designed to allow the housing of the ultrasound probe to monitor the behaviour of the samples. An ECMO machine was used to simulate the condition of laminar flow and a custom made pulsatile pump was used to simulate the pulsatile flow. A Labview interface allowed to acquire ecographic images and videos and to record the corresponding pressure values. All the data have been analyzed using Matlab. The results allowed to estimate the thickness to be assigned to the 3D printed Agilus 30 to mimic the in vivo aortic compliance values. Results are evaluated according to the literature, in particular taking into account the ascending aorta and the aortic arch.
Compliance di modelli vascolari stampati in 3D per il training chirurgico: progettazione del set up e valutazione sperimentale. Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death globally, there is though an increasing demand for patient specific endovascular devices development. The deployment of such devices is a complex task, which is highly dependant from the patient-specific features. Moreover, vascular congenital anomalies or anatomical variants may pose additional problems, being the traditional inter-anatomical relationships knowledge not respected. In order to achieve proficiency, training is mandatory for novice surgeons. Today, many solutions are available on the market, but they are limited from the geometrical and/or mechanical point of view. Most of the training phantoms are actually based on average or simplified anatomies. In this context, 3D printing technologies can play a pivotal role, enabling the manufacturing of patient-specific geometries. Beside, the anatomical information, it is essential to replicate also the mechanical behaviour of the specific district, in order to not impair the training or the testing of an endovascular device. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the compliance of 3D printed anatomical models with a specific commercial material (Agilus 30 - Stratasys®) , to support the training of vascular surgerons. In particular, the aorta models designed as straight tubes have been 3D printed and tested to analyze their behaviour under laminar and pulsatile flow conditions. The samples have been 3D printed in three thicknesses in order to assess the material properties in terms of compliance and capability to withstand physiological pressures. Ecographic images and videos were acquired during testing sessions to evalute the distensibility of the samples in terms of cross sectional diameter variations. First, a 3D printed dedicated setup was designed to allow the housing of the ultrasound probe to monitor the behaviour of the samples. An ECMO machine was used to simulate the condition of laminar flow and a custom made pulsatile pump was used to simulate the pulsatile flow. A Labview interface allowed to acquire ecographic images and videos and to record the corresponding pressure values. All the data have been analyzed using Matlab. The results allowed to estimate the thickness to be assigned to the 3D printed Agilus 30 to mimic the in vivo aortic compliance values. Results are evaluated according to the literature, in particular taking into account the ascending aorta and the aortic arch.
Compliance of 3D printed vascular models for surgical training: set up design and experimental evaluation.
RINALDI, NICOLE RITA
2020/2021
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the first cause of death globally, there is though an increasing demand for patient specific endovascular devices development. The deployment of such devices is a complex task, which is highly dependant from the patient-specific features. Moreover, vascular congenital anomalies or anatomical variants may pose additional problems, being the traditional inter-anatomical relationships knowledge not respected. In order to achieve proficiency, training is mandatory for novice surgeons. Today, many solutions are available on the market, but they are limited from the geometrical and/or mechanical point of view. Most of the training phantoms are actually based on average or simplified anatomies. In this context, 3D printing technologies can play a pivotal role, enabling the manufacturing of patient-specific geometries. Beside, the anatomical information, it is essential to replicate also the mechanical behaviour of the specific district, in order to not impair the training or the testing of an endovascular device. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the compliance of 3D printed anatomical models with a specific commercial material (Agilus 30 - Stratasys®) , to support the training of vascular surgerons. In particular, the aorta models designed as straight tubes have been 3D printed and tested to analyze their behaviour under laminar and pulsatile flow conditions. The samples have been 3D printed in three thicknesses in order to assess the material properties in terms of compliance and capability to withstand physiological pressures. Ecographic images and videos were acquired during testing sessions to evalute the distensibility of the samples in terms of cross sectional diameter variations. First, a 3D printed dedicated setup was designed to allow the housing of the ultrasound probe to monitor the behaviour of the samples. An ECMO machine was used to simulate the condition of laminar flow and a custom made pulsatile pump was used to simulate the pulsatile flow. A Labview interface allowed to acquire ecographic images and videos and to record the corresponding pressure values. All the data have been analyzed using Matlab. The results allowed to estimate the thickness to be assigned to the 3D printed Agilus 30 to mimic the in vivo aortic compliance values. Results are evaluated according to the literature, in particular taking into account the ascending aorta and the aortic arch.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/14059