A biobank is a non-profit unit that offers a biobanking service, i.e. the organized collection, processing, storage and distribution of biological samples and associated data, in full conformity with the ethical-legal-social dimension and the rights of the subjects involved. Research biobanks, in particular disease-oriented ones, represent important resources for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases, developing new diagnostic tools and designing new targeted therapeutic strategies. The main purpose of this thesis was to collect and process biological material donated by patients with tumor pathologies and treated at the Surgery Department of Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri in Pavia, and to store the samples at the Bruno Boerci Oncological Biobank for research purposes. In the period between October 2020 and July 2021, blood and tissue samples of 291 cancer patients were collected and processed. From each patient, whole blood, plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), tumor and normal tissues were derived and stored. The samples were aliquoted and pseudo-anonymized through a unique identifier code, which guarantees their secure tracking in compliance with privacy regulation. Clinical-pathological information collected from histological reports were associated with the samples. As an example of Biobank application in oncology research, this thesis also included: (1) the collection and analysis of PBMCs isolated from breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy with doxorubicin, in order to evaluate the impact of this drug on immune cells; (2) the dosage of fibroblast activating protein (FAP) as a potential circulating biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). The PBMCs analysis, carried out by flow cytometry in collaboration with the Immunoallergology Laboratory at ICS, revealed that among the analyzed immune subpopulations (B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and monocytes), B lymphocytes are the cells that most internalize doxorubicin. Indeed, their frequency decreases significantly over time after drug infusion. The data obtained are preliminary and must be validated on broader case series also by further investigating the activation states and functionalities of the different immune subpopulations. The dosage of the circulating form of FAP was conducted by ELISA assay in the plasma of 33 patients with CRC collected at different time points pre- and post-surgery, to evaluate whether its concentration is altered following cancer removal. The results showed that plasma FAP levels are significantly reduced in patients with CRC compared to healthy controls and progressively increase over time after surgery. This finding suggests that FAP is associated with the tumor and that it may play a role as a potential circulating biomarker of CRC. This thesis underlines the importance of research biobanks, which operate according to quality operating procedures, as precious resource for application studies in the oncology field, by offering a huge number of biological samples and associated clinical data derived from large patient series. Therefore, they represent a key element for the advancement of knowledge in this biomedical area.
La biobanca è un’unità di servizio senza scopo di lucro finalizzata al biobancaggio, ovvero alla raccolta organizzata, processazione, conservazione e distribuzione di campioni biologici umani e dati ad essi associati, nel pieno rispetto dei diritti dei soggetti coinvolti e della dimensione etico-legale-sociale. Le biobanche di ricerca, in particolare quelle definite disease-oriented, rappresentano una risorsa importante per la comprensione della patogenesi di diverse malattie, lo sviluppo di nuovi strumenti diagnostici ed il disegno di nuove strategie terapeutiche mirate. Lo scopo principale di questa tesi è stato quello di raccogliere e processare materiale biologico donato da pazienti affetti da patologie tumorali e trattati presso le Chirurgie degli Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri di Pavia, e di conservarlo presso la Biobanca oncologica Bruno Boerci a scopo di ricerca. Nel periodo compreso tra Ottobre 2020 e Luglio 2021, sono stati raccolti e processati campioni ematici e tissutali di 291 pazienti oncologici, dai quali sono stati derivati e conservati campioni di sangue intero, plasma, cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico (PBMCs) e campioni di tessuto tumorale e sano. I campioni sono stati aliquotati e pseudoanonimizzati tramite codice univoco, che ne garantisce il tracciamento sicuro nel rispetto della privacy. Ad essi sono state associate le informazioni clinico-patologiche raccolte dai referti istologici. Come esempio di applicazione della Biobanca nell’ambito della ricerca oncologica questo lavoro di tesi ha previsto anche: (1) la raccolta e l’analisi dei PBMCs isolati da pazienti con carcinoma mammario in terapia neoadiuvante con doxorubicina, allo scopo di valutarne l’effetto sulle cellule del sistema immunitario adattativo; (2) il dosaggio della proteina attivatrice dei fibroblasti (FAP) come potenziale biomarcatore circolante nel tumore al colon-retto (TCR). Dall’analisi dei PBMCs, svolta tramite citometria a flusso in collaborazione con il Laboratorio di Immunoallergologia di Istituto, è emerso che tra le sottopopolazioni analizzate (linfociti B, linfociti T e monociti), le cellule che maggiormente internalizzano la doxorubicina siano i linfociti B, la cui frequenza si riduce significativamente nel tempo dopo l’infusione del farmaco. I dati ottenuti sono preliminari e devono essere validati su casistiche più ampie e approfondendo gli stati di attivazione e la funzionalità delle diverse sottopopolazioni immunitarie. Il dosaggio della forma circolante di FAP è stato condotto tramite saggio ELISA nel plasma di 33 pazienti con TCR in diversi tempi di raccolta pre- e post-chirurgia, per valutare come varia la sua concentrazione in seguito alla rimozione del tumore. Dai risultati è emerso che i livelli plasmatici di FAP sono significativamente ridotti nel plasma dei pazienti con TCR rispetto a pazienti sani utilizzati come controllo ed aumentano progressivamente nel tempo dopo la rimozione del tumore. Questo dato suggerisce che FAP sia associato alla presenza del tumore, e che potrebbe avere un ruolo come potenziale biomarcatore circolante del TCR. Dal lavoro di tesi svolto emerge l’importanza delle biobanche, che operano secondo procedure operative di qualità, come preziosa risorsa per condurre studi applicativi in campo oncologico, garantendo un’ampia varietà di campioni biologici e dati clinici associati derivati da ampie casistiche di pazienti, e rappresentando un elemento chiave per il progresso delle conoscenze in questo ambito.
La biobanca e le sue applicazioni nella ricerca oncologica
CHIAPPETTA, SIMONA
2020/2021
Abstract
A biobank is a non-profit unit that offers a biobanking service, i.e. the organized collection, processing, storage and distribution of biological samples and associated data, in full conformity with the ethical-legal-social dimension and the rights of the subjects involved. Research biobanks, in particular disease-oriented ones, represent important resources for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases, developing new diagnostic tools and designing new targeted therapeutic strategies. The main purpose of this thesis was to collect and process biological material donated by patients with tumor pathologies and treated at the Surgery Department of Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri in Pavia, and to store the samples at the Bruno Boerci Oncological Biobank for research purposes. In the period between October 2020 and July 2021, blood and tissue samples of 291 cancer patients were collected and processed. From each patient, whole blood, plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), tumor and normal tissues were derived and stored. The samples were aliquoted and pseudo-anonymized through a unique identifier code, which guarantees their secure tracking in compliance with privacy regulation. Clinical-pathological information collected from histological reports were associated with the samples. As an example of Biobank application in oncology research, this thesis also included: (1) the collection and analysis of PBMCs isolated from breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy with doxorubicin, in order to evaluate the impact of this drug on immune cells; (2) the dosage of fibroblast activating protein (FAP) as a potential circulating biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC). The PBMCs analysis, carried out by flow cytometry in collaboration with the Immunoallergology Laboratory at ICS, revealed that among the analyzed immune subpopulations (B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and monocytes), B lymphocytes are the cells that most internalize doxorubicin. Indeed, their frequency decreases significantly over time after drug infusion. The data obtained are preliminary and must be validated on broader case series also by further investigating the activation states and functionalities of the different immune subpopulations. The dosage of the circulating form of FAP was conducted by ELISA assay in the plasma of 33 patients with CRC collected at different time points pre- and post-surgery, to evaluate whether its concentration is altered following cancer removal. The results showed that plasma FAP levels are significantly reduced in patients with CRC compared to healthy controls and progressively increase over time after surgery. This finding suggests that FAP is associated with the tumor and that it may play a role as a potential circulating biomarker of CRC. This thesis underlines the importance of research biobanks, which operate according to quality operating procedures, as precious resource for application studies in the oncology field, by offering a huge number of biological samples and associated clinical data derived from large patient series. Therefore, they represent a key element for the advancement of knowledge in this biomedical area.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/14083