“Earth’s climate has changed over the past century, in particular, atmosphere and oceans have warmed, sea levels have risen, and glaciers and ice sheets have decreased in size”. (Australian Academy of Science). The term “climate change” refers to a long-term shift in global or regional climate patterns, leading to the rise of global warming. The main causes of climate change are the growth of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from human activities. The main human activities related to the rise of GHGs emissions are included in the industrialization, transportation and energy sector and activities related to the agriculture sector, such as deforestation and intensive livestock farming. The main consequence of climate change is the rise of global warming, which, in turn, leads to the occurrence of other climate change consequences like the increase of extreme weather events, the rise of sea level, the melting of glaciers and the deterioration of air quality. Climate change also has repercussions on the economic, political and financial aspects of a country: • it affects international trade and, consequently, national GDP and the welfare system; • it poses different challenges for local institutions, evolving their role, and for international institutions, requiring strong international collaboration and communication in order to counter its impact. • it affects the financial stability of a country through the impact of physical and transition risks. The financial impact of climate change taking on developing countries, such as BRICS and N-11 group, and developed countries, was analysed. Developing countries, being more exposed to extreme weather events, are more affected by physical risks and, given their economy's heavy dependence on revenues from fossil fuel exports, are also most affected by transition risks. It was emphasized that developed countries have a role to play in helping and supporting developing countries to counter these risks through the adoption of various financial instruments, such as the “Munich Climate Insurance Initiative”, the “Emission-based carbon taxes” and the “Wellhead carbon tax”.
"Il clima della Terra è cambiato nell'ultimo secolo, in particolare, l'atmosfera e gli oceani si sono riscaldati, il livello dei mari è aumentato e i ghiacciai e le lastre di ghiaccio sono diminuiti di dimensioni". (Australian Academy of Science). Il termine "cambiamento climatico" si riferisce a un cambiamento a lungo termine nei modelli climatici globali o regionali che porta all'aumento del riscaldamento globale. La causa principale del cambiamento climatico è la crescita delle emissioni di gas serra (GHG) da parte delle attività umane. Le principali attività umane legate all'aumento delle emissioni di gas serra coinvolgono l'industrializzazione, il settore energetico e dei trasporti e le attività legate al settore agricolo, come la deforestazione e l'allevamento intensivo. La principale conseguenza del cambiamento climatico è l'aumento del riscaldamento globale che, a sua volta, porta al verificarsi di altre conseguenze del cambiamento climatico, come l'aumento di eventi meteorologici estremi, l'aumento del livello del mare, lo scioglimento dei ghiacciai e il deterioramento della qualità dell'aria. Il cambiamento climatico ha anche ripercussioni sugli aspetti economici, politici e finanziari di un paese: - influenza il commercio internazionale e, di conseguenza, il PIL nazionale e il sistema di welfare; - pone diverse sfide alle istituzioni locali, che evolvono il loro ruolo, e alle istituzioni internazionali, che richiedono una forte collaborazione e comunicazione internazionale per contrastarne l'impatto; - incide sulla stabilità finanziaria di un paese attraverso l'impatto dei rischi fisici e di transizione. È stato analizzato l'impatto finanziario del cambiamento climatico sui paesi in via di sviluppo, come i BRICS e il gruppo N-11, e sui paesi sviluppati. I paesi in via di sviluppo, essendo più esposti a eventi meteorologici estremi, sono più colpiti dai rischi fisici e, data la forte dipendenza della loro economia dalle entrate delle esportazioni di combustibili fossili, sono anche più colpiti dai rischi di transizione. Si evince che i paesi sviluppati svolgono un ruolo fondamentale nell'aiutare e sostenere i paesi in via di sviluppo a contrastare questi rischi attraverso l'adozione di vari strumenti finanziari, come la "Munich Climate Insurance Initiative", le "Emission-based carbon taxes” e "Wellhead carbon tax".
Cambiamento climatico e stabilità finanziaria
CHINELLI, GABRIELE
2020/2021
Abstract
“Earth’s climate has changed over the past century, in particular, atmosphere and oceans have warmed, sea levels have risen, and glaciers and ice sheets have decreased in size”. (Australian Academy of Science). The term “climate change” refers to a long-term shift in global or regional climate patterns, leading to the rise of global warming. The main causes of climate change are the growth of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from human activities. The main human activities related to the rise of GHGs emissions are included in the industrialization, transportation and energy sector and activities related to the agriculture sector, such as deforestation and intensive livestock farming. The main consequence of climate change is the rise of global warming, which, in turn, leads to the occurrence of other climate change consequences like the increase of extreme weather events, the rise of sea level, the melting of glaciers and the deterioration of air quality. Climate change also has repercussions on the economic, political and financial aspects of a country: • it affects international trade and, consequently, national GDP and the welfare system; • it poses different challenges for local institutions, evolving their role, and for international institutions, requiring strong international collaboration and communication in order to counter its impact. • it affects the financial stability of a country through the impact of physical and transition risks. The financial impact of climate change taking on developing countries, such as BRICS and N-11 group, and developed countries, was analysed. Developing countries, being more exposed to extreme weather events, are more affected by physical risks and, given their economy's heavy dependence on revenues from fossil fuel exports, are also most affected by transition risks. It was emphasized that developed countries have a role to play in helping and supporting developing countries to counter these risks through the adoption of various financial instruments, such as the “Munich Climate Insurance Initiative”, the “Emission-based carbon taxes” and the “Wellhead carbon tax”.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
Per maggiori informazioni e per verifiche sull'eventuale disponibilità del file scrivere a: unitesi@unipv.it.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/1444