The investigation around the constitutional framework of sports law is specified first of all in the search for references, direct and indirect, that prove its legal rank. To this end, the phenomenon is analyzed in the dual meaning of right to sport, conceived as a fundamental right of the person, and right of sport, that is, as a set of rules and subjects that are part of the so-called sports legal system (indebted to the "institutionalist" theory of Santi Romano). The study translates, then, in the identification of the various models of discipline destined to sport by the individual constitutional experiences, distinguishing between a "subjective approach" and an "objective" one, depending on whether a right is recognized that belongs directly to the individual or is provided only a formal commitment by the State, which stops the legislation at a level of general protection. The second part of the study evaluates, de iure condito, whether the right to sport is firmly established in the constitutional texts or also finds application in the corresponding legal systems. In order to do so, it starts from the assumption that fundamental rights evoke the principle of equality and therefore analyzes whether sport is really a right guaranteed to all under equal conditions, both from a subjective point of view (id est if the conditions of access to sport are equal for all), and an objective one (i.e. if access to any kind of sport is guaranteed). The answer requires an accurate delimitation of the various fields of application of which the sports circuit is composed, so as to evaluate, among its various meanings and forms of manifestation, which ones are really guaranteed in a supreme and universal way. It is therefore addressed, de iure condendo, to sport as a dynamic phenomenon. Having recognized that the right to sport changes with the variation of social sensitivity towards certain values, it tries to intercept its lines of development in the interweaving with other personal rights.
L’indagine attorno all’inquadramento costituzionale del diritto sportivo si specifica innanzitutto nella ricerca di riferimenti, diretti ed indiretti, che ne comprovino il relativo rango giuridico. A tal fine, il fenomeno viene analizzato nella duplice accezione di diritto allo sport, concepito come diritto fondamentale della persona, e diritto dello sport, vale a dire come complesso di norme e di soggetti facenti parte del c.d. ordinamento giuridico sportivo (debitore della teoria “istituzionalista” di Santi Romano). Lo studio si traduce, poi, nella identificazione dei vari modelli di disciplina destinati allo sport dalle singole esperienze costituzionali, distinguendo tra un “approccio soggettivo” ed uno di tipo “oggettivo”, a seconda che venga riconosciuto un diritto che fa capo direttamente al singolo ovvero sia previsto solo un impegno formale da parte dello Stato, che arresta la normativa ad un livello di tutela generale. La seconda parte dello studio valuta, de iure condito, se il diritto allo sport sia fermo nei testi costituzionali o trovi applicazione anche nei sistemi giuridici corrispondenti. Per farlo, muove dall’assunto che i diritti fondamentali evochino il principio di uguaglianza e dunque analizza se lo sport sia davvero un diritto garantito a tutti a pari condizioni, sia da un punto di vista soggettivo (id est se le condizioni di accesso allo sport siano uguali per tutti), che oggettivo (cioè se è garantito l’accesso a qualsiasi tipo di sport). La risposta richiede un’accurata delimitazione dei vari ambiti applicativi di cui si compone il circuito sportivo, così da valutare, tra le sue varie accezioni e forme di manifestazione, quali siano veramente garantite in modo supremo ed universale. Si rivolge quindi, de iure condendo, allo sport come fenomeno dinamico. Avendo riconosciuto che il relativo diritto muta al variare della sensibilità sociale verso certi valori, tenta di intercettare le sue linee di sviluppo nell’intreccio con altri diritti della persona.
Sport e costituzione. Il Diritto allo Sport in prospettiva comparata.
ZITO, GIOELE
2020/2021
Abstract
The investigation around the constitutional framework of sports law is specified first of all in the search for references, direct and indirect, that prove its legal rank. To this end, the phenomenon is analyzed in the dual meaning of right to sport, conceived as a fundamental right of the person, and right of sport, that is, as a set of rules and subjects that are part of the so-called sports legal system (indebted to the "institutionalist" theory of Santi Romano). The study translates, then, in the identification of the various models of discipline destined to sport by the individual constitutional experiences, distinguishing between a "subjective approach" and an "objective" one, depending on whether a right is recognized that belongs directly to the individual or is provided only a formal commitment by the State, which stops the legislation at a level of general protection. The second part of the study evaluates, de iure condito, whether the right to sport is firmly established in the constitutional texts or also finds application in the corresponding legal systems. In order to do so, it starts from the assumption that fundamental rights evoke the principle of equality and therefore analyzes whether sport is really a right guaranteed to all under equal conditions, both from a subjective point of view (id est if the conditions of access to sport are equal for all), and an objective one (i.e. if access to any kind of sport is guaranteed). The answer requires an accurate delimitation of the various fields of application of which the sports circuit is composed, so as to evaluate, among its various meanings and forms of manifestation, which ones are really guaranteed in a supreme and universal way. It is therefore addressed, de iure condendo, to sport as a dynamic phenomenon. Having recognized that the right to sport changes with the variation of social sensitivity towards certain values, it tries to intercept its lines of development in the interweaving with other personal rights.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/1499