Introduction: Regular exercise for adults with T1DM offers several benefits: it improves body composition, cardiovascular and endothelial function, and reduces daily insulin requirements. On the other hand, adults with T1DM often experience rapid changes in blood glucose levels after exercise resulting in loss of control and fear of hypoglycemia. Therefore, our aim was to control changes in blood glucose levels in adults with T1DM by monitoring exercise intensity according to established outcomes, such as heart rate and perceived exertion. Methods: We enrolled 26 adults with T1DM (age 35±12 years; 14 females). Participants were recruited during an educational and training camp . Participants were asked to measure blood glucose level, rate of perceived exertion (RPE, which goes from 1 to 5) and heart rate before and after each session. All the exercise sessions were conducted under the supervision of two prepared trainers. We calculated the heart rate maximum percentage and the differences in glycemia, heart rate and perceived effort from the beginning to the end of each activity. The activities performed by the participants were: walking, cycling, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), 12-minute run test (12'RT) and relay running. We conducted a parametric paired T-test to assess the difference between before and after the activity on all the parameters. Results: We reported the following changes in the blood glucose level: walking (-14.82 + 33.69, p=0.007), cycling (-31.71 + 65.83, p>0.05), HIIT (-13.94 + 33.36, p>0.05), 12’RT (-11.68 + 51.07, p>0.05), relay race (-11.24 + 14.00, p<0.001); in heart rate percentage: walking (16.57 + 10.64%, p<0.001), cycling (3.29 + 17.93%, p<0.001), HIIT (16.45 + 22.21%, p<0.001), 12’RT (33.51 + 23.81%, p<0.001), relay race (22.27 + 25.92%, p<0.001); and in RPE: walking (2.28 + 1.57, p<0.001), cycling (1.36 + 2.21, p<0.001), HIIT (3.64 + 3.34, p<0.001), 12’RT (4.72 + 2.39, p<0.001), relay race (1.00 + 1.22, p<0.001). Our results also showed that the percentage change in heart rate is positively correlated with perceived exertion. Discussion: Our results showed that with the supervision of the trainers during the activities, glycemic changes can be controlled by monitoring activity intensity with heart rate percentage and RPE. Our results also showed that the camp participants correctly perceived the intensity of training activities, which could help them better monitor blood glucose levels before, during and after exercise sessions.
Introduzione: L’esercizio regolare per gli adulti con T1DM fornisce dei benefici importanti: consente di migliorare la composizione corporea, la funzione endoteliale e cardiovascolare e riduce il fabbisogno giornaliero di insulina. È da sottolineare che i pazienti, durante e dopo la pratica di PA, spesso possono notare cambiamenti repentini dei livelli di glicemia, che risultano in una perdita del controllo e nella “fear of hypoglycemia”. Obiettivi: L’obiettivo era quello di controllare i cambiamenti nei livelli di glucosio nel sangue negli adulti con T1DM monitorando l'intensità dell'esercizio in base ai parametri stabiliti, come la frequenza cardiaca e lo sforzo percepito. Materiali e Metodi: Abbiamo arruolato 26 adulti con T1DM (età 35±12 anni; 14 femmine). I partecipanti sono stati reclutati durante un campo educativo e di formazione. Ai partecipanti è stato chiesto di misurare il livello di glucosio nel sangue, il tasso di sforzo percepito (RPE, che va da 1 a 10) e la frequenza cardiaca prima e dopo ogni sessione. Abbiamo calcolato la percentuale massima di frequenza cardiaca e le differenze di glicemia, frequenza cardiaca e sforzo percepito dall'inizio alla fine di ogni attività. Le attività svolte dai partecipanti sono state: camminata, ciclismo, allenamento ad intervalli ad alta intensità (HIIT), test di corsa di 12 minuti (12'RT) e staffetta. Risultati: Ho riscontrato le seguenti variazioni nel livello di glucosio nel sangue: camminata (-14,82 + 33,69), ciclismo (-31,71 + 65,83), HIIT (-13,94 + 33,36), 12'RT (-11,68 + 51,07), staffetta (-11,24 + 14,00); in percentuale di frequenza cardiaca: camminata (16,57 + 10,64%), ciclismo (3,29 + 17,93%), HIIT (16,45 + 22,21%), 12'RT (33,51 + 23,81%), staffetta (22,27 + 25,92%); e in RPE: camminata (2,28 + 1,57), ciclismo (1,36 + 2,21), HIIT (3,64 + 3,34), 12'RT (4,72 + 2,39), staffetta (1,00 + 1,22). I risultati hanno anche mostrato che la variazione percentuale della frequenza cardiaca è positivamente correlata allo sforzo percepito. Conclusioni: I risultati hanno dimostrato che i cambiamenti glicemici possono essere controllati monitorando l'intensità dell'attività con percentuale di frequenza cardiaca e RPE. Si può quindi affermare che i partecipanti al campo hanno percepito correttamente l'intensità delle attività di allenamento, che potrebbero aiutarli a monitorare meglio i livelli di glucosio nel sangue prima, durante e dopo le sessioni di allenamento.
L’effetto dei diversi tipi di attività fisica sul controllo glicemico, sulla frequenza cardiaca e sullo sforzo percepito negli adulti con diabete mellito di tipo 1.
ROMANO, GIANMARCO
2021/2022
Abstract
Introduction: Regular exercise for adults with T1DM offers several benefits: it improves body composition, cardiovascular and endothelial function, and reduces daily insulin requirements. On the other hand, adults with T1DM often experience rapid changes in blood glucose levels after exercise resulting in loss of control and fear of hypoglycemia. Therefore, our aim was to control changes in blood glucose levels in adults with T1DM by monitoring exercise intensity according to established outcomes, such as heart rate and perceived exertion. Methods: We enrolled 26 adults with T1DM (age 35±12 years; 14 females). Participants were recruited during an educational and training camp . Participants were asked to measure blood glucose level, rate of perceived exertion (RPE, which goes from 1 to 5) and heart rate before and after each session. All the exercise sessions were conducted under the supervision of two prepared trainers. We calculated the heart rate maximum percentage and the differences in glycemia, heart rate and perceived effort from the beginning to the end of each activity. The activities performed by the participants were: walking, cycling, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), 12-minute run test (12'RT) and relay running. We conducted a parametric paired T-test to assess the difference between before and after the activity on all the parameters. Results: We reported the following changes in the blood glucose level: walking (-14.82 + 33.69, p=0.007), cycling (-31.71 + 65.83, p>0.05), HIIT (-13.94 + 33.36, p>0.05), 12’RT (-11.68 + 51.07, p>0.05), relay race (-11.24 + 14.00, p<0.001); in heart rate percentage: walking (16.57 + 10.64%, p<0.001), cycling (3.29 + 17.93%, p<0.001), HIIT (16.45 + 22.21%, p<0.001), 12’RT (33.51 + 23.81%, p<0.001), relay race (22.27 + 25.92%, p<0.001); and in RPE: walking (2.28 + 1.57, p<0.001), cycling (1.36 + 2.21, p<0.001), HIIT (3.64 + 3.34, p<0.001), 12’RT (4.72 + 2.39, p<0.001), relay race (1.00 + 1.22, p<0.001). Our results also showed that the percentage change in heart rate is positively correlated with perceived exertion. Discussion: Our results showed that with the supervision of the trainers during the activities, glycemic changes can be controlled by monitoring activity intensity with heart rate percentage and RPE. Our results also showed that the camp participants correctly perceived the intensity of training activities, which could help them better monitor blood glucose levels before, during and after exercise sessions.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/15576