Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous mycobacteria that can cause pulmonary infections difficult to assess and treat. They do not present with pathognomonic signs and symptoms and there is a lack of tools to objectively assess the level of lung damage. With this in mind, this study proposes a reproducible and objective radiological score to quantify the severity of pulmonary involvement caused by NTM infection and to evaluate its association with the clinical burden of NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). Furthermore, the impact of NTM specific treatment on the radiological score was assessed. Methods: The score was created based on previously published scoring systems. The lung lesions evaluated by the score include: consolidation areas, solid nodules, bronchiectasis, atelectasis, ground-glass opacities, bronchial wall thickening, bronchial filling and distal bronchiolar filling. A simplified version of the first score (complex score) was developed and renamed simple score. Patients diagnosed with NTM-PD at the IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, from January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2020 where retrospectively identified. Their HRCT at baseline (time of diagnosis, T0) and at a follow up time between 6-18 months later (Time 1, T1) were assessed using the radiological score and compared to evaluate progress in lung involvement, if present. To evaluate the clinical burden of the disease a clinical score was also determined by taking into account signs and symptoms of NTM infection that correlate with disease severity and its association with the radiological score was evaluated. Results: 28 patients performed follow-up CT scan during the study period. Linear regression showed a significant increase in mean simple score values at baseline and follow up CT (change 1.11, 95% CI: 0.10 to 2.11 p-value 0.032), while the increase didn’t reach statistical significance for the complex score (change 2.79, 95% CI: -3.02 to 8.59; p-value 0.333). Spearman rank test was used to evaluate correlation between the radiological score and the clinical score but no association was found (Spearman R. -0.05, 95%CI -0.41 to 0.33) Similarly, no significant variation in the radiological score was observed between treated and untreated patients using the Mann-Whitney test (p-value 0.922). Conclusions: Further analysis and a larger cohort study are needed to validate the usefulness of routine follow-up HRCT in NTM-PD.
Uno studio retrospettivo per proporre uno score radiologico che valuti la gravità della malattia polmonare da micobatteri nontubercolari. I micobatteri nontubercolari (NTM) sono micobatteri ubiquitari che possono causare infezioni polmonari difficili da valutare e trattare. Non presentano segni e sintomi patognomonici e mancano strumenti per valutare in modo oggettivo l’entità di danno polmonare causato da queste infezioni. Questo studio propone uno score radiologico riproducibile e oggettivo per quantificare la gravità dell'interessamento polmonare causato dall'infezione da NTM e valutare la sua associazione con la severità clinica della malattia polmonare da NTM (NTM-PD). Inoltre, è stato valutato l'impatto della terapia antibiotica sullo score radiologico. Metodi: Lo score è stato creato sulla base di sistemi di score precedentemente pubblicati. Le lesioni polmonari che sono state valutate dal punteggio includono: aree di consolidamento, noduli solidi, bronchiectasie, atelettasie, opacità a vetro smerigliato, ispessimento della parete bronchiale, opacità bronchiali e opacità bronchiolari distali. Due score sono stati sviluppati, uno più complesso (complex score) ed una versione semplificata (simple score). Sono stati retrospettivamente raccolti i dati dei pazienti con diagnosi di malattia polmonare da NTM presso l'IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo di Pavia, dal 1 gennaio 2012 al 1 gennaio 2020. Le loro TC ad alta risoluzione al momento della diagnosi (T0) e quelle di controllo eseguite tra 6 e 18 mesi dopo (T1) sono state valutate utilizzando lo score radiologico e confrontate per valutare il progresso dell'interessamento polmonare, se presente. Per valutare la gravità delle infezioni, è stato determinato anche uno score clinico, prendendo in considerazione segni e sintomi di infezione da NTM che correlano con la gravità della malattia e ne è stata valutata l'associazione con lo score radiologico. Risultati: 28 pazienti hanno eseguito una TC di controllo nel periodo in esame. I valori medi dello score radiologico al basale e alla TC di controllo hanno mostrato un aumento significativo per quanto riguarda il simple score (change 1.11, 95% CI: 0.10 to 2.11 p-value 0.032), mentre un incremento non significativo è stato riscontrato per il complex score (change 2.79, 95% CI: -3.02 to 8.59; p-value 0.333). Il test dei ranghi di Spearman è stato utilizzato per valutare la correlazione tra lo score radiologico e lo score clinico, ma non è stata trovata alcuna associazione (Spearman R. -0,05, IC 95% -0,41 a 0,33). Analogamente, utilizzando il test di Mann-Whitney, non è stata osservata alcuna variazione significativa nello score radiologico tra pazienti trattati e non trattati (p-value 0,922). Conclusioni: Ulteriori analisi e uno studio di coorte più ampio sono necessari per valutare l’utilità della TC di controllo nel monitorare l’andamento della malattia polmonare da NTM.
A retrospective study to propose a radiological score assessing the severity of nontuberculous mycobacteria pulmonary disease.
PAUTASSO, GIORGIA
2021/2022
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous mycobacteria that can cause pulmonary infections difficult to assess and treat. They do not present with pathognomonic signs and symptoms and there is a lack of tools to objectively assess the level of lung damage. With this in mind, this study proposes a reproducible and objective radiological score to quantify the severity of pulmonary involvement caused by NTM infection and to evaluate its association with the clinical burden of NTM pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). Furthermore, the impact of NTM specific treatment on the radiological score was assessed. Methods: The score was created based on previously published scoring systems. The lung lesions evaluated by the score include: consolidation areas, solid nodules, bronchiectasis, atelectasis, ground-glass opacities, bronchial wall thickening, bronchial filling and distal bronchiolar filling. A simplified version of the first score (complex score) was developed and renamed simple score. Patients diagnosed with NTM-PD at the IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, from January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2020 where retrospectively identified. Their HRCT at baseline (time of diagnosis, T0) and at a follow up time between 6-18 months later (Time 1, T1) were assessed using the radiological score and compared to evaluate progress in lung involvement, if present. To evaluate the clinical burden of the disease a clinical score was also determined by taking into account signs and symptoms of NTM infection that correlate with disease severity and its association with the radiological score was evaluated. Results: 28 patients performed follow-up CT scan during the study period. Linear regression showed a significant increase in mean simple score values at baseline and follow up CT (change 1.11, 95% CI: 0.10 to 2.11 p-value 0.032), while the increase didn’t reach statistical significance for the complex score (change 2.79, 95% CI: -3.02 to 8.59; p-value 0.333). Spearman rank test was used to evaluate correlation between the radiological score and the clinical score but no association was found (Spearman R. -0.05, 95%CI -0.41 to 0.33) Similarly, no significant variation in the radiological score was observed between treated and untreated patients using the Mann-Whitney test (p-value 0.922). Conclusions: Further analysis and a larger cohort study are needed to validate the usefulness of routine follow-up HRCT in NTM-PD.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/15711