Interaction between antibiotic therapy and immunotherapy in subjects with NSCLC: a cohort, single-center, retrospective study. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the therapeutic approaches in cancer therapies. Some literature data suggest that antibiotic-induced alteration of the gut microbiota may have an impact on the efficacy of ICIs. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study including 242 patients with NSCLC being treated with pembrolizumab as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy from March 2017 to September 2022 at the European Institute of Oncology in Milan. The primary objective of the work was to test whether there is a difference in outcomes among the population measured primarily by PFS as a function of antibiotic use during therapy. The secondary objective was to identify any subgroups in which antibiotic use has a greater impact on expected outcomes. The primary data source was patients' health records. The chosen time window of antibiotic intake was - 6 months previous the start of immunotherapy, during immunotherapy, and + 6 months after the end of immunotherapy. In the group not taking ATB, median PFS is 6.0 months (CI: 4.4;8.9); median OS is 27.9 months (CI: 14.3; -). In the group taking ATB for sintomatic infection or prophylaxis, median PFS is 6.7 months (CI: 3.6;8.9) HR 1.25 (CI: 0.83;1.89) p-value 0.29; median OS is 23.4 months (CI: 11.9; -) HR 2.04 (CI: 1.20;3.46) p-value 0.009. Our study’s data suggest that, taking antibiotics does not have a huge effect on the effectiveness of immunotherapy treatment. In patients with NSCLC who have been treated with immunotherapy or immuno-chemotherapy, administering an antibiotic does not have a clinically significant impact on disease evolution. The result of this study is apparently different to the trend reported in the literature. This unexpected result could be due to different impact of ATB effect according to the presence of bone or bone and encephalic metastases. Therefore, we conducted a sub- analysis according to the presence of these metastases. In the group with no bone and/or brain metastases, a result similar to the expected was obtained with median PFS 8.4 (CI: 6.1;13.1). Patients taking antibiotic have lower PFS than patients not taking antibiotic. In the group with metastases, more particularly bone and/or brain metastases, especially in subjects with at least one bone metastasis, the behavior appears to be inverse to the expected, (median PFS 5.6 CI: 3.5;9.3). Probably in the case of patients who are frail due to the presence of bone and/or brain metastases, the benefit from using the antibiotic outweighs the potential disadvantage that could result from the reduction in the efficacy of immuno-chemotherapy due to the use of the antibiotic.
Interazione tra terapia antibiotica ed immunoterapia nei soggetti con NSCLC: studio di coorte, monocentrico e retrospettivo. Gli inibitori dei checkpoint immunitari (ICI) hanno rivoluzionato gli approcci terapeutici delle terapie antitumorali. Alcuni dati di letteratura suggeriscono che l'alterazione del microbiota intestinale indotta dagli antibiotici possa avere un impatto sull'efficacia degli ICI. Abbiamo condotto uno studio di coorte osservazionale retrospettivo includendo 242 pazienti con NSCLC in cura con pembrolizumab in monoterapia o in combinazione con chemioterapia da marzo 2017 a settembre 2022 presso l’Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano. L’obiettivo principale del lavoro è stato verificare se nella popolazione vi sia differenza negli outcome misurati principalmente attraverso la PFS in funzione dell’impiego di antibiotici in corso di terapia. L’obiettivo secondario è stato identificare eventuali sottogruppi in cui l’impiego di antibiotici abbia un impatto maggiore sugli outcome attesi. La fonte primaria dei dati è stata la documentazione sanitaria dei pazienti. La finestra temporale di assunzione di antibiotici scelta è stata – 6 mesi prima dell’inizio dell’immunoterapia, durante l’immunoterapia, e + 6 mesi dopo la fine dell’immunoterapia. Nel gruppo che non assume ATB, la PFS mediana è 6.0 mesi (IC: 4.4;8.9); l’OS mediana è 27.9 mesi (IC: 14.3; -). Nel gruppo che assume ATB per infezione sintomatica o in profilassi la PFS mediana è 6.7 mesi (IC: 3.6;8.9) HR 1.25 (IC: 0.83;1.89) p-value 0.29; l’OS mediana è 23.4 mesi (IC: 11.9; -) HR 2.04 (IC: 1.20;3.46) p-value 0.009. I dati del nostro studio suggeriscono che l’assunzione di antibiotici non ha un grosso effetto sull’efficacia del trattamento immunoterapico. Nei pazienti con NSCLC in trattamento con immunoterapia o immuno-chemioterapia, somministrare un antibiotico non ha un impatto significativo clinicamente rilevante sull’andamento della patologia. Il risultato di questo studio risulta apparentemente diverso dal trend riportato in letteratura. Questo risultato inatteso potrebbe essere dovuto a un diverso impatto dell’effetto dell’ATB in funzione della presenza di metastasi ossee o ossee ed encefaliche. Abbiamo quindi condotto una sotto-analisi in funzione della presenza di queste metastasi. Nel gruppo che non ha metastasi ossee e/o cerebrali si ottiene un risultato simile all’atteso con PFS mediana 8.4 (IC: 6.1;13.1). I pazienti che assumono antibiotico hanno PFS inferiore rispetto ai pazienti che non lo assumono. Nel gruppo con metastasi, più in particolare ossee e/o cerebrali, soprattutto nei soggetti che presentano almeno una metastasi ossea, il comportamento sembra essere inverso rispetto all’atteso (PFS mediana 5.6 IC: 3.5;9.3). Probabilmente nel caso di pazienti fragili per la presenza di metastasi ossee e/o cerebrali, il vantaggio che deriva dall’utilizzo dell’antibiotico è superiore rispetto al potenziale svantaggio che potrebbe derivare dalla riduzione dell’efficacia dell’immuno- chemioterapia a causa dell’utilizzo dell’antibiotico.
Interazione tra terapia antibiotica ed immunoterapia nei soggetti con NSCLC: studio di coorte, monocentrico e retrospettivo.
PAVANELLO, GIULIA
2021/2022
Abstract
Interaction between antibiotic therapy and immunotherapy in subjects with NSCLC: a cohort, single-center, retrospective study. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the therapeutic approaches in cancer therapies. Some literature data suggest that antibiotic-induced alteration of the gut microbiota may have an impact on the efficacy of ICIs. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study including 242 patients with NSCLC being treated with pembrolizumab as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy from March 2017 to September 2022 at the European Institute of Oncology in Milan. The primary objective of the work was to test whether there is a difference in outcomes among the population measured primarily by PFS as a function of antibiotic use during therapy. The secondary objective was to identify any subgroups in which antibiotic use has a greater impact on expected outcomes. The primary data source was patients' health records. The chosen time window of antibiotic intake was - 6 months previous the start of immunotherapy, during immunotherapy, and + 6 months after the end of immunotherapy. In the group not taking ATB, median PFS is 6.0 months (CI: 4.4;8.9); median OS is 27.9 months (CI: 14.3; -). In the group taking ATB for sintomatic infection or prophylaxis, median PFS is 6.7 months (CI: 3.6;8.9) HR 1.25 (CI: 0.83;1.89) p-value 0.29; median OS is 23.4 months (CI: 11.9; -) HR 2.04 (CI: 1.20;3.46) p-value 0.009. Our study’s data suggest that, taking antibiotics does not have a huge effect on the effectiveness of immunotherapy treatment. In patients with NSCLC who have been treated with immunotherapy or immuno-chemotherapy, administering an antibiotic does not have a clinically significant impact on disease evolution. The result of this study is apparently different to the trend reported in the literature. This unexpected result could be due to different impact of ATB effect according to the presence of bone or bone and encephalic metastases. Therefore, we conducted a sub- analysis according to the presence of these metastases. In the group with no bone and/or brain metastases, a result similar to the expected was obtained with median PFS 8.4 (CI: 6.1;13.1). Patients taking antibiotic have lower PFS than patients not taking antibiotic. In the group with metastases, more particularly bone and/or brain metastases, especially in subjects with at least one bone metastasis, the behavior appears to be inverse to the expected, (median PFS 5.6 CI: 3.5;9.3). Probably in the case of patients who are frail due to the presence of bone and/or brain metastases, the benefit from using the antibiotic outweighs the potential disadvantage that could result from the reduction in the efficacy of immuno-chemotherapy due to the use of the antibiotic.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
Per maggiori informazioni e per verifiche sull'eventuale disponibilità del file scrivere a: unitesi@unipv.it.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/15748