Companies do not act as isolated entities, but carry out their activities within a context, continuously interfacing with a plurality of stakeholders. Stakeholders have interests and expectations that the company must be able to satisfy, according to a priority logic, to achieve positive results in the short term and growth in the medium to long term. Nowadays, a high and growing sensitivity towards the issues of corporate responsibility, business ethics, and environmental sustainability has developed, furthermore, organizations are required to comply with a set of the standard established by regulators and institutions. For these reasons, it has become a must for companies to integrate non-strictly economic issues into their strategy, in particular, social and environmental themes. This involves a readjustment and transformation in the business strategy, establishing specific goals, actions to achieve them, and financial and non-financial performance indicators suitable for measuring the results obtained. A fundamental step to obtain the typical benefits of this strategy is the reporting and communication of the commitments undertaken and the performances achieved. Over the years there has been an evolution of non-financial forms of reporting, starting from the first social reports, sustainability reports, up to integrated reporting. A fundamental push for the management, implementation of integrated strategies, and the communication of data and non-financial information came from the institutions. Firstly, the European Union which, since the 2000s with a series of directives has established guidelines and principles for the management of ESG issues in business activities. Secondly, the United Nations Organization has established a series of Sustainable Development Goals, with a time horizon of fifteen years, to ensure sustainable development. In the dissertation these issues are also addressed from a concrete point of view; through the study of the annual reports of three international pharmaceutical groups (Roche, Bayer, and GSK) how companies integrate social and environmental issues into the strategy and how they report the results obtained are analyzed. The organization of the company changes with the creation of specific corporate functions for the management of environmental, social, and governance aspects, directly connected with the board of management. Through materiality and relevance analyzes, companies identify stakeholder groups, define their expectations, and establish the actions to be implemented to meet them. The performances obtained are reported using both the classic economic-financial indicators and non-financial, environmental, and social indicators specifically designed to expose the results of the integrated management to the various stakeholders.
Le imprese non agiscono come entità isolate, ma svolgono la propria attività all’interno di un contesto, interfacciandosi continuamente con una pluralità di stakeholder. Gli stakeholder presentano interessi e aspettative che l’impresa deve essere in grado di soddisfare, secondo una logica prioritaria, per poter raggiungere risultati positivi nel breve periodo e una crescita nel medio-lungo periodo. Al giorno d’oggi si è sviluppata un’elevata e crescente sensibilità verso i temi della responsabilità d’impresa, etica del business e sostenibilità ambientale, inoltre, le organizzazioni sono tenute alla compliance verso la normativa e gli standard stabiliti in materia. Per questi motivi è diventato un must per le imprese integrare nella propria strategia temi non strettamente economici, in particolare temi sociali ed ambientali. Questo comporta un riadattamento e una trasformazione della strategia d’impresa, stabilendo obiettivi specifici, individuando linee di condotta per raggiungere tali obiettivi, selezionando indicatori di performance finanziari e non finanziari adatti a misurare i risultati ottenuti. Un passaggio fondamentale per ottenere i benefici tipici di questa strategia è la rendicontazione e comunicazione degli impegni assunti e delle performance raggiunte. Nel corso degli anni si è assistito ad un’evoluzione delle forme di reportistica non finanziaria, a partire dai primi bilanci sociali, passando ai bilanci di sostenibilità, fino ad arrivare all’Integrated Reporting. Una spinta fondamentale per la gestione, l’implementazione di strategie integrate e la comunicazione dei dati e delle informazioni non finanziarie, è giunta dalle istituzioni governative. In primo luogo, l’Unione Europea che, a partire dagli anni 2000, con una serie di direttive ha stabilito linee guida e principi per la gestione delle tematiche ESG nell’attività di impresa. In secondo luogo, l’Organizzazione delle Nazioni Unite che ha stabilito un elenco di Sustainable Development Goals prevedendo un orizzonte temporale di quindici anni, per garantire lo sviluppo responsabile. Nella trattazione vengono affrontati questi temi, anche da un punto di vista concreto, tramite lo studio degli Annual Report di tre gruppi farmaceutici internazionali: Roche, Bayer e GlaxoSmithKline. L’organizzazione dell’impresa si modifica con la creazione di funzioni aziendali, direttamente collegate con il board of management, specifiche per la gestione degli aspetti environmental, social e governance. Attraverso analisi di materialità e rilevanza, le imprese individuano i gruppi di stakeholder, ne definiscono le aspettative e stabiliscono le azioni da mettere in atto per soddisfarle. Le performance ottenute vengono rendicontate utilizzando sia i classici indicatori economico-finanziari, sia indicatori non finanziari, ambientali e sociali studiati appositamente per esporre i risultati della gestione integrata ai diversi portatori di interesse.
Integrazione delle tematiche ESG nella strategia e rendicontazione di impresa: il caso delle multinazionali farmaceutiche
DOGLIO, DAVIDE
2020/2021
Abstract
Companies do not act as isolated entities, but carry out their activities within a context, continuously interfacing with a plurality of stakeholders. Stakeholders have interests and expectations that the company must be able to satisfy, according to a priority logic, to achieve positive results in the short term and growth in the medium to long term. Nowadays, a high and growing sensitivity towards the issues of corporate responsibility, business ethics, and environmental sustainability has developed, furthermore, organizations are required to comply with a set of the standard established by regulators and institutions. For these reasons, it has become a must for companies to integrate non-strictly economic issues into their strategy, in particular, social and environmental themes. This involves a readjustment and transformation in the business strategy, establishing specific goals, actions to achieve them, and financial and non-financial performance indicators suitable for measuring the results obtained. A fundamental step to obtain the typical benefits of this strategy is the reporting and communication of the commitments undertaken and the performances achieved. Over the years there has been an evolution of non-financial forms of reporting, starting from the first social reports, sustainability reports, up to integrated reporting. A fundamental push for the management, implementation of integrated strategies, and the communication of data and non-financial information came from the institutions. Firstly, the European Union which, since the 2000s with a series of directives has established guidelines and principles for the management of ESG issues in business activities. Secondly, the United Nations Organization has established a series of Sustainable Development Goals, with a time horizon of fifteen years, to ensure sustainable development. In the dissertation these issues are also addressed from a concrete point of view; through the study of the annual reports of three international pharmaceutical groups (Roche, Bayer, and GSK) how companies integrate social and environmental issues into the strategy and how they report the results obtained are analyzed. The organization of the company changes with the creation of specific corporate functions for the management of environmental, social, and governance aspects, directly connected with the board of management. Through materiality and relevance analyzes, companies identify stakeholder groups, define their expectations, and establish the actions to be implemented to meet them. The performances obtained are reported using both the classic economic-financial indicators and non-financial, environmental, and social indicators specifically designed to expose the results of the integrated management to the various stakeholders.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/1575