Ménière’s Disease is a condition characterised by the frequent recurrence of episodic vertigo of variable duration, aural fullness, tinnitus, and hearing fluctuation. Pharmacological labyrinthectomy, through intratympanic injection of gentamicin is the treatment of choice for Ménière’s disease refractory to medical therapy. Although the therapy exploits Gentamicin ablative effect on vestibular function, there is still no consensus on the level of damage that needs to be reached to obtain vertigo control. The aim of this study was to examine the Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR), objectively measured through Video Head Impulse (v-HIT) and used as an index of vestibular function, and assess significant differences registered between pre-treatment and post-treatment values. Moreover, the correlation between the reduction of VOR gain values and the control of vertigo attacks, along with its correlation with the onset of postural instability were investigated, thus the reliability of the VOR parameter to foresee the control of the symptomatology. Another purpose of the study was to assess the beneficial effects of Intratympanic Gentamicin on patients’ quality of life and the impact of the therapy on auditory function. 18 patients were enrolled in a retrospective study. 10 of them received a single injection, whilst 8 of them received multiple injections. VOR gain values were measured through v-HIT pre-treatment, 1-month post-treatment and 3-6 months post treatment. The acquisition of long-term VOR gain values was acquired for 5 patients. Additionally, a comparison between pre-treatment and post-treatment Pure Tone Audiometry thresholds and Dizziness Handicap Inventory questionnaire scores was carried out for each patient. Significant reduction of VOR gain was found at both 1-month (p = 0.00843) and 3-6 months (p = 0.00746) post-treatment, along with a significant reduction of DHI scores (p = 0.002004). Pejorative changes in auditory function, measured through PTA, showed no statistical relevance (p = 0.5561). A correlation between vertigo control and VOR gain reduction was found at 3-6 months post treatment and enabled to estimate a VOR gain cut-off, equal to 0,685 (AUC =0,733), to foresee vertigo control. Intratympanic Gentamicin Treatment is effective in reducing the recurrence of vertigo attacks and notably improves the patients’ quality of life. The reliability of the VOR gain cut-off of 0,685 to achieve substantial vertigo control needs to be investigated more in-depth, but it remarkably indicates how a low level of vestibular hypofunction is sufficient in managing vertigo control.
La malattia di Ménière è una condizione caratterizzata dalla frequente ricorrenza di vertigini episodiche di durata variabile, fullness uditiva, acufeni e fluttuazione dell'udito. La labirintectomia farmacologica, mediante iniezione intratimpanica di gentamicina, è il trattamento di scelta per la malattia di Ménière refrattaria alla terapia medica. Sebbene la terapia sfrutti l'effetto ablativo della gentamicina sulla funzione vestibolare, non esiste ancora un consenso sul livello di danno che deve essere raggiunto per ottenere il controllo delle vertigini. Lo scopo dello studio è stato quello di esaminare il Riflesso Vestibolo-Oculomotore (VOR), misurato oggettivamente attraverso il Video Head Impulse Test (v-HIT) e utilizzato come indice della funzione vestibolare, e valutare le differenze significative registrate tra i valori prima e dopo il trattamento. Inoltre, è stata indagata la correlazione tra la riduzione dei valori di guadagno del VOR e il controllo degli attacchi vertiginosi, nonché la sua correlazione con l'insorgenza di instabilità posturale, quindi l'affidabilità del parametro VOR nel prevedere il controllo della sintomatologia. Un altro scopo dello studio era quello di valutare gli effetti benefici della gentamicina intratimpanica sulla qualità di vita dei pazienti e l'impatto della terapia sulla funzione uditiva. 18 pazienti sono stati arruolati in uno studio retrospettivo. 10 di loro hanno ricevuto una singola iniezione, mentre 8 hanno ricevuto iniezioni multiple. I valori di guadagno del VOR sono stati misurati mediante v-HIT prima del trattamento, 1 mese dopo il trattamento e 3-6 mesi dopo il trattamento. Inoltre, per ogni paziente è stato effettuato un confronto tra le soglie dell'Audiometria Tonale e tra i punteggi del questionario Dizziness Handicap Inventory prima e dopo il trattamento. È stata riscontrata una riduzione significativa del guadagno di VOR sia a 1 mese (p = 0,00843) che a 3-6 mesi (p = 0,00746) dopo il trattamento, insieme a una riduzione significativa dei punteggi DHI (p = 0,002004). Una correlazione tra il controllo delle vertigini e la riduzione del guadagno VOR è stata riscontrata a 3-6 mesi dal trattamento e ha permesso di stimare un cut-off del guadagno VOR, pari a 0,685 (AUC =0,733), per prevedere il controllo delle vertigini. Il trattamento con gentamicina intratimpanica è efficace nel ridurre la ricorrenza degli attacchi di vertigine e migliora notevolmente la qualità di vita dei pazienti. L'affidabilità del cut-off del guadagno VOR di 0,685 per ottenere un sostanziale controllo delle vertigini deve essere indagata più a fondo, ma indica come un basso grado di ipofunzione vestibolare sia sufficiente per gestire il controllo delle vertigini.
Funzionalità Vestibolare dopo Labirintectomia Farmacologica nei pazienti con Malattia di Ménière: Studio Retrospettivo.
RIPANI, SARA
2022/2023
Abstract
Ménière’s Disease is a condition characterised by the frequent recurrence of episodic vertigo of variable duration, aural fullness, tinnitus, and hearing fluctuation. Pharmacological labyrinthectomy, through intratympanic injection of gentamicin is the treatment of choice for Ménière’s disease refractory to medical therapy. Although the therapy exploits Gentamicin ablative effect on vestibular function, there is still no consensus on the level of damage that needs to be reached to obtain vertigo control. The aim of this study was to examine the Vestibular Ocular Reflex (VOR), objectively measured through Video Head Impulse (v-HIT) and used as an index of vestibular function, and assess significant differences registered between pre-treatment and post-treatment values. Moreover, the correlation between the reduction of VOR gain values and the control of vertigo attacks, along with its correlation with the onset of postural instability were investigated, thus the reliability of the VOR parameter to foresee the control of the symptomatology. Another purpose of the study was to assess the beneficial effects of Intratympanic Gentamicin on patients’ quality of life and the impact of the therapy on auditory function. 18 patients were enrolled in a retrospective study. 10 of them received a single injection, whilst 8 of them received multiple injections. VOR gain values were measured through v-HIT pre-treatment, 1-month post-treatment and 3-6 months post treatment. The acquisition of long-term VOR gain values was acquired for 5 patients. Additionally, a comparison between pre-treatment and post-treatment Pure Tone Audiometry thresholds and Dizziness Handicap Inventory questionnaire scores was carried out for each patient. Significant reduction of VOR gain was found at both 1-month (p = 0.00843) and 3-6 months (p = 0.00746) post-treatment, along with a significant reduction of DHI scores (p = 0.002004). Pejorative changes in auditory function, measured through PTA, showed no statistical relevance (p = 0.5561). A correlation between vertigo control and VOR gain reduction was found at 3-6 months post treatment and enabled to estimate a VOR gain cut-off, equal to 0,685 (AUC =0,733), to foresee vertigo control. Intratympanic Gentamicin Treatment is effective in reducing the recurrence of vertigo attacks and notably improves the patients’ quality of life. The reliability of the VOR gain cut-off of 0,685 to achieve substantial vertigo control needs to be investigated more in-depth, but it remarkably indicates how a low level of vestibular hypofunction is sufficient in managing vertigo control.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/16190