Abstract Purpose To determine whether lung ultrasound (LUS) may early identify the failure of non-invasive respiratory supports (high-flow nasal cannula-HFNC, continuous positive airway pressure-CPAP, non-invasive ventilation-NIV) in hypoxemic patients. Methods Prospective multicentre international observational study. Consecutive respiratory supports for hypoxemia (PaO2/FiO2<300). LUS, PaO2/FiO2 and ROX-index were collected before (basal–T0) and 2 hours after (early–T1) respiratory support’s onset. Regional/global LUS scores were computed (4 steps of loss-of-aeration: 0-normal to 3-complete consolidation) in 6 regions per hemithorax (2 anterior, 2 lateral, 2 posterior). Failure was defined as need of respiratory support’s escalation within 48 hours (HFNCCPAPNIV, any support to intubation/ECMO). Results We enrolled 100 supports (13 HFNC, 68 helmet-CPAP, 12 mask-NIV, 7 helmet-NIV) in 92 patients (age 70.0 [57.0-76.0] years; male sex 53 (58%), BMI 26.1 [23.4-31.1] kg/m2); 21 failed. No difference in clinical/ultrasound parameters was observed at T0 between failing/non-failing supports. At T1, failing had higher PaO2/FiO2. (150.4 [123.7-200.5] vs. 201.7 [163.8-242.9]; p=0.01) with lower ROX-index (7.7 [4.9-9.7] vs. 11.2 [8.0-13.7]; p=0.01). Anterior/antero-lateral/global LUS scores showed an improvement in lung aeration only in non-failing supports (global LUS score variation -3.0 [-5.0- -1.0] vs. 0.0 [-2.0-0.0]; p=0.001). AUC was similar for ROX-index (0.715 [0.587-0.843]), PaO2/FiO2 (0.7200 [0.583-0.859]), global LUS score variations (0.721 [0.593-0.859]; p>0.8). ROX-index, PaO2/FiO2. and anterior/global LUS scores’ variations were independent predictors of failure. Conclusions LUS score improved only in responders to non-invasive respiratory supports and was an independent predictor of failure. Further studies should confirm if a combined clinical-ultrasound approach improves early identification of non-invasive respiratory supports’ failure.
Ecografia polmonare per l'identificazione precoce dell'insuccesso dei supporti respiratori non invasivi. Abstract Obiettivo Determinare se l’ecografia polmonare (LUS) permette l’identificazione precoce dell’insuccesso dei supporti respiratori non invasivi (high-flow nasal cannula-HFNC, continuous positive airway pressure-CPAP, non-invasive ventilation-NIV) in pazienti ipossemici. Metodi Studio multicentrico internazionale prospettico osservazionale. Supporti respiratori consecutivi per l’ipossemia (PaO2/FiO2<300). Sono stati raccolti LUS, PaO2/FiO2 e l’indice di ROX prima (basal–T0) e due ore dopo (early–T1) l’introduzione del supporto respiratorio. Lo score regionale/globale del LUS è stato calcolato (4 step di perdita di aereazione: da 0-normale a 3-consolidazione completa) in 6 regioni per emitorace (2 anteriori, 2 laterali, 2 posteriori). L’insuccesso è definito come la necessità di escalation nel supporto respiratorio entro 48 ore dalla sua introduzione (HFNCCPAPNIV, qualsiasi supporto a intubazione/ECMO). Risultati Abbiamo arruolato 100 supporti (13 HFNC, 68 CPAP tramite casco, 12 NIV tramite maschera, 7 NIV tramite casco) in 92 pazienti (età 70.0 [57.0-76.0] anni; di cu 53 uomini (58%), con BMI 26.1 [23.4-31.1] kg/m2); in 21 si è registrato l’insuccesso. Nessuna differenza in parametri clinici o ecografici è stata osservata a T0 tra i supporti che hanno avuto successo e quelli che non lo hanno avuto. A T1, quelli di cui si è registrato insuccesso avevano un PaO2/FiO2 maggiore (150.4 [123.7-200.5] vs. 201.7 [163.8-242.9]; p=0.01) e un indice ROX minore (7.7 [4.9-9.7] vs. 11.2 [8.0-13.7]; p=0.01). Lo score LUS anteriore/antero-laterale/globale è migliorato solo nei supporti di cui si è registrato successo (variazione nel LUS score globale -3.0 [-5.0- -1.0] vs. 0.0 [-2.0-0.0]; p=0.001). L’AUC era simile per l’indice ROX (0.715 [0.587-0.843]), PaO2/FiO2 (0.7200 [0.583-0.859]) e per le variazioni nello score LUS globale (0.721 [0.593-0.859]; p>0.8). L’indice ROX, PaO2/FiO2 e le variazioni nello score LUS anteriore/globale sono predittori indipendenti di insuccesso. Conclusioni Lo score del LUS migliora solo nei pazienti che rispondono bene alla ventilazione non invasiva ed è un predittore indipendente di insuccesso. Studi ulteriori dovrebbero confermare se un approccio combinato clinico-ecografico possa migliorare l’identificazione precoce dell’insuccesso dei supporti respiratori non invasivi.
Lung ultrasound for early prediction of the failure of non-invasive respiratory supports
GERMINARIO, GIORGIA
2022/2023
Abstract
Abstract Purpose To determine whether lung ultrasound (LUS) may early identify the failure of non-invasive respiratory supports (high-flow nasal cannula-HFNC, continuous positive airway pressure-CPAP, non-invasive ventilation-NIV) in hypoxemic patients. Methods Prospective multicentre international observational study. Consecutive respiratory supports for hypoxemia (PaO2/FiO2<300). LUS, PaO2/FiO2 and ROX-index were collected before (basal–T0) and 2 hours after (early–T1) respiratory support’s onset. Regional/global LUS scores were computed (4 steps of loss-of-aeration: 0-normal to 3-complete consolidation) in 6 regions per hemithorax (2 anterior, 2 lateral, 2 posterior). Failure was defined as need of respiratory support’s escalation within 48 hours (HFNCCPAPNIV, any support to intubation/ECMO). Results We enrolled 100 supports (13 HFNC, 68 helmet-CPAP, 12 mask-NIV, 7 helmet-NIV) in 92 patients (age 70.0 [57.0-76.0] years; male sex 53 (58%), BMI 26.1 [23.4-31.1] kg/m2); 21 failed. No difference in clinical/ultrasound parameters was observed at T0 between failing/non-failing supports. At T1, failing had higher PaO2/FiO2. (150.4 [123.7-200.5] vs. 201.7 [163.8-242.9]; p=0.01) with lower ROX-index (7.7 [4.9-9.7] vs. 11.2 [8.0-13.7]; p=0.01). Anterior/antero-lateral/global LUS scores showed an improvement in lung aeration only in non-failing supports (global LUS score variation -3.0 [-5.0- -1.0] vs. 0.0 [-2.0-0.0]; p=0.001). AUC was similar for ROX-index (0.715 [0.587-0.843]), PaO2/FiO2 (0.7200 [0.583-0.859]), global LUS score variations (0.721 [0.593-0.859]; p>0.8). ROX-index, PaO2/FiO2. and anterior/global LUS scores’ variations were independent predictors of failure. Conclusions LUS score improved only in responders to non-invasive respiratory supports and was an independent predictor of failure. Further studies should confirm if a combined clinical-ultrasound approach improves early identification of non-invasive respiratory supports’ failure.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/16279