The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is a critical modulator of physiological homeostasis, with implications in various biological functions including energy metabolism, immune response, and neurological processes. This project focuses on the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for modulating the ECS. Through a comprehensive analysis of the ECS and its regulatory mechanisms, we synthesized a series of urea and carbamate derivatives of palmitic acid, aiming to assess their inhibitory activity against FAAH. Inspired by structural and functional features of already known inhibitors and endocannabinoids, eight compounds four carbamates and four ureas were synthesized using palmitic acid derivatives. These compounds were designed to mimic the endogenous substrates of FAAH, targeting the enzyme's active site to inhibit the degradation of anandamide effectively. The compounds were evaluated using a fluorimetric assay, which measured the inhibition of FAAH activity in vitro. Our results indicate that certain carbamate derivatives exhibit significant inhibitory effects on FAAH, surpassing the efficacy of known inhibitors. Compound 4, with an IC50 value of 10 nM, emerged as the most promising FAAH inhibitor. This thesis highlights the importance of structural modifications, such as the incorporation of aromatic rings bearing a methyl group or a fluorine atom, in enhancing the inhibitory efficiency of FAAH inhibitors. The findings suggest that carbamate derivatives, especially those with specific aromatic substitutions, may serve as effective modulators of the ECS. Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms of ECS modulation and possible applications.
Il sistema endocannabinoide (ECS) ha un ruolo centrale nella modulazione fisiologica dell’omeostasi dell’organismo umano, con un coinvolgimento in diverse funzioni biologiche, tra cui il metabolismo energetico, i processi immunitari e neurologici. Questo lavoro di tesi è volto alla progettazione, sintesi e valutazione di nuovi inibitori, come potenziali agenti terapeutici per modulare l’ECS. Sono state attentamente esaminate le strutture degli endocannabinoidi e degli inibitori dell’enzima FAAH con maggiore attività noti in letteratura. È stata sintetizzata una piccola libreria di composti, quattro carbammati e quattro uree, a partire dall’acido palmitico, al fine di valutarne l’attività inibitoria sull’enzima FAAH. Questi composti sono stati progettati mimando le caratteristiche strutturali dei substrati endogeni di FAAH, mirando al sito attivo dell’enzima per inibire efficacemente la degradazione dell’anandamide. Tutte le molecole sintetizzate sono state testate per la loro capacità inibitoria sull’enzima FAAH attraverso un saggio fluorimetrico. I risultati raggiunti indicano che alcuni derivati mostrano effetti inibitori significativi su FAAH, superando l’efficacia di inibitori noti. Il composto 4, con un valore di IC50 di 10 nM emerge come il più promettente inibitore. Questa tesi evidenzia l’importanza di modificazioni strutturali, quali l’introduzione di anelli aromatici sostituiti con un gruppo metile o con un atomo di fluoro per garantire una buona efficienza inibitoria sull’enzima FAAH. Questi risultati suggeriscono che i composti della classe dei carbammati, in particolare quelli con specifiche sostituzioni dell’anello aromatico, agiscono come efficienti modulatori dell’ECS. In conclusione, si sottolinea la necessità di approfondire le ricerche sull’ECS e condurre ulteriori studi sulla sua modulazione per elucidare i meccanismi coinvolti e le possibili applicazioni.
PROGETTAZIONE, SINTESI E TEST DI ATTIVITÀ DI NUOVI INIBITORI DI FAAH (FATTY ACID AMIDE HYDROLASE) ENZIMA IDROLITICO DEL SISTEMA ENDOCANNABINOIDE
LATERZA, MATTEO
2022/2023
Abstract
The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) is a critical modulator of physiological homeostasis, with implications in various biological functions including energy metabolism, immune response, and neurological processes. This project focuses on the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for modulating the ECS. Through a comprehensive analysis of the ECS and its regulatory mechanisms, we synthesized a series of urea and carbamate derivatives of palmitic acid, aiming to assess their inhibitory activity against FAAH. Inspired by structural and functional features of already known inhibitors and endocannabinoids, eight compounds four carbamates and four ureas were synthesized using palmitic acid derivatives. These compounds were designed to mimic the endogenous substrates of FAAH, targeting the enzyme's active site to inhibit the degradation of anandamide effectively. The compounds were evaluated using a fluorimetric assay, which measured the inhibition of FAAH activity in vitro. Our results indicate that certain carbamate derivatives exhibit significant inhibitory effects on FAAH, surpassing the efficacy of known inhibitors. Compound 4, with an IC50 value of 10 nM, emerged as the most promising FAAH inhibitor. This thesis highlights the importance of structural modifications, such as the incorporation of aromatic rings bearing a methyl group or a fluorine atom, in enhancing the inhibitory efficiency of FAAH inhibitors. The findings suggest that carbamate derivatives, especially those with specific aromatic substitutions, may serve as effective modulators of the ECS. Further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms of ECS modulation and possible applications.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/17403