Introduction Occupational nursing (OHN) is a specialist branch of nursing that provides health and safety programs and services to workers, work groups and community groups focusing on the promotion and restoration of health, the prevention of illness and injury and the protection from risks related to work and the environment. At an international level, the regulatory framework and training courses provided for occupational nurses (OHN) vary greatly. The regulatory framework that defines the professional skills of occupational nursing in each country, the presence in companies and the holistic approach in caring for the worker population determines the space that this discipline occupies. Currently in Italy, the role of the OHN is not fully recognized, due to the lack of definition of a specialist profile; however, new specialization paths at the training level are being defined. In this scenario, the need emerges to have a synthesis of theories and conceptual models underlying occupational nursing at an international level, in which the figure of the OHN is regulated and defined by specialist profiles. However, the literature in the field of occupational health is very vast and describes different theories and frameworks. In light of the above considerations, the objective of this thesis is to provide a descriptive overview of the concept of occupational health (OH) as a possible area of specialization for nurses. Methods An integrative literature review was conducted between July and December 2023 on four electronic databases: CINAHL, Embase, PubMed and Scopus in accordance with the PRISMA Statement methodology. The following inclusion criteria were considered: (a) articles written in Italian or English, (b) with full-text availability, (c) without time limits, (d) which include topics relating to theories, concepts, constructs and frameworks (e) that guide nursing practice and research, (f) in the field of occupational health, (g) published in the most representative journals in the field of OHN, namely: American Association of Occupational Health Nurses Journal (AAOHN Journal) , Occupational Health (OH), Occupational Health Nursing (OHN). Results 46 studies were included in the review. We identified and described 16 theories present in 21 studies, 26 concepts present in 43 studies, 13 constructs present in 20 studies and 35 frameworks present in 33 studies. Conclusions The results of this review update the state of the art on theories, concepts, constructs and frameworks in the field of occupational health, with a view to promoting health in work environments in which OHN plays a central role. Keywords: Occupational Health Nursing, theoretical model, theory, conceptual model, conceptual framework.
Introduzione L’infermieristica occupazionale (OHN) è una branca specialistica dell’infermieristica che fornisce programmi e servizi di salute e sicurezza a lavoratori, gruppi di lavoro e gruppi di comunità focalizzandosi sulla promozione e il ripristino della salute, sulla prevenzione di malattie e lesioni e sulla protezione dai rischi legati al lavoro e all'ambiente. A livello internazionale, l’inquadramento normativo e i percorsi formativi previsti per gli infermieri occupazionali (OHN) variano molto. Il quadro normativo che definisce le competenze professionali dell’infermieristica occupazionale in ogni Paese, la presenza nelle aziende e l'approccio olistico nella cura della popolazione di lavoratori determina lo spazio che questa disciplina occupa. Attualmente in Italia, il ruolo dell'OHN non è completamente riconosciuto, a causa della mancanza di definizione di un profilo specialistico; tuttavia, si stanno definendo nuovi percorsi di specializzazione a livello formativo. In questo scenario emerge la necessità di disporre di una sintesi di teorie e modelli concettuali alla base dell’infermieristica occupazionale a livello internazionale, in cui la figura dell’OHN è regolamentata e definita da profili specialistici. Tuttavia, la letteratura in ambito di salute occupazione è molto vasta e descrive diverse teorie e framework. Alla luce delle considerazioni esposte, l’obiettivo del presente elaborato di tesi è di fornire una panoramica descrittiva del concetto di salute occupazionale (OH) come possibile ambito di specializzazione dell’infermiere. Metodi È stata condotta una revisione integrativa della letteratura tra luglio e dicembre 2023 su quattro database elettronici: CINAHL, Embase, PubMed e Scopus in accordo con la metodologia PRISMA Statement. Sono stati considerati i seguenti criteri di inclusione: (a) articoli scritti in italiano o in inglese, (b) con disponibilità di full-text, (c) senza limiti di tempo, (d) che comprendono tematiche inerenti a teorie, concetti, costrutti e framework (e) che guidano la pratica e la ricerca infermieristica, (f) in ambito di salute occupazionale, (g) pubblicati sulle riviste più rappresentative in ambito di OHN, ossia: American Association of Occupational Health Nurses Journal (AAOHN Journal), Occupational Health (OH), Occupational Health Nursing (OHN). Risultati Sono stati inclusi nella revisione 46 studi. Sono state identificate e descritte 16 teorie presenti in 21 studi, 26 concetti presenti in 43 studi, 13 costrutti presenti in 20 studi e 35 framework presenti in 33 studi. Conclusioni I risultati di questa revisione aggiornano lo stato dell’arte su teorie, concetti, costrutti e framework in ambito di salute occupazionale, in un’ottica di promozione della salute negli ambienti di lavoro in cui l’OHN riveste un ruolo centrale. Parole chiave: Occupational Health Nursing, theoretical model, theory, conceptual model, conceptual framework.
Teorie, concetti, costrutti e framework in ambito di salute occupazionale: una revisione integrativa
VALLE, GIANLUCA
2022/2023
Abstract
Introduction Occupational nursing (OHN) is a specialist branch of nursing that provides health and safety programs and services to workers, work groups and community groups focusing on the promotion and restoration of health, the prevention of illness and injury and the protection from risks related to work and the environment. At an international level, the regulatory framework and training courses provided for occupational nurses (OHN) vary greatly. The regulatory framework that defines the professional skills of occupational nursing in each country, the presence in companies and the holistic approach in caring for the worker population determines the space that this discipline occupies. Currently in Italy, the role of the OHN is not fully recognized, due to the lack of definition of a specialist profile; however, new specialization paths at the training level are being defined. In this scenario, the need emerges to have a synthesis of theories and conceptual models underlying occupational nursing at an international level, in which the figure of the OHN is regulated and defined by specialist profiles. However, the literature in the field of occupational health is very vast and describes different theories and frameworks. In light of the above considerations, the objective of this thesis is to provide a descriptive overview of the concept of occupational health (OH) as a possible area of specialization for nurses. Methods An integrative literature review was conducted between July and December 2023 on four electronic databases: CINAHL, Embase, PubMed and Scopus in accordance with the PRISMA Statement methodology. The following inclusion criteria were considered: (a) articles written in Italian or English, (b) with full-text availability, (c) without time limits, (d) which include topics relating to theories, concepts, constructs and frameworks (e) that guide nursing practice and research, (f) in the field of occupational health, (g) published in the most representative journals in the field of OHN, namely: American Association of Occupational Health Nurses Journal (AAOHN Journal) , Occupational Health (OH), Occupational Health Nursing (OHN). Results 46 studies were included in the review. We identified and described 16 theories present in 21 studies, 26 concepts present in 43 studies, 13 constructs present in 20 studies and 35 frameworks present in 33 studies. Conclusions The results of this review update the state of the art on theories, concepts, constructs and frameworks in the field of occupational health, with a view to promoting health in work environments in which OHN plays a central role. Keywords: Occupational Health Nursing, theoretical model, theory, conceptual model, conceptual framework.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/17443