Salvadora Persica is a desert plant of Salvadoraceae family and is commonly known as the toothbrush tree. Its leaves, fruits, roots and stems show different properties of pharmacological interest. A wide range of phytoconstituents were isolated in various parts of the plant: benzyl isothiocyanate, salvadorine, trimethylamine, α-tocopherol, salvadourea, β-sitosterol, salvadoricine, quercetin, benzyl amides, 1-8 cineole, α and β-caryophyllene pinene, tannin, silica, fluoride, calcium, chlorides, sulfides, vitamin C. These compounds have important antibacterial properties, anticariogene, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory. The Miswak stick has been used as a natural toothbrush for many centuries, since Mohammed has encouraged its use in religious practice. Different explanations about his cleaning effect and promotion of Miswak oral hygiene have been developed including the mechanical effects of its fibers and release of beneficial chemicals. The use as a natural toothbrush removes dental plaque, which causes tooth decay and periodontal diseases. The plaque formation is due to the action of various gram-positive and gram-negative organisms such as Streptococci, Lactobacilli, Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacteria, which adhere to the surface of the teeth leading to the development of caries and periodontal disease. Numerous studies have focused on the effect of antibacterial aqueous extracts and alcohol miswak against the main oral pathogens: the essential oil extract of the roots of Salvadora persica has shown a high concentration of benzyl isothiocyanate with a strong effect bactericidal against gram-negative pathogens such as A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis. aqueous extracts but especially of miswak alcohol showed a strong zone of inhibition against cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. antifungal activity was also demonstrated to many species oral Candida, with strong growth inhibition at the hands of the volatile compounds of Salvadora persica. Furthermore, γ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol present are promising for the antioxidant effects in the oil of seeds as active as vitamin E. The main property of Salvadora persica is antibacterial and further studies should be conducted on its mechanism of action which has still not been completely elucidated. The Salvadora persica properties make it a multipurpose plant with different perspectives of study.
Salvadora Persica è una pianta del deserto della famiglia Salvadoraceae ed è comunemente nota come albero spazzolino da denti. Le sue foglie, frutti, radici e gambi dimostrano diverse proprietà di interesse farmacologico. Un'ampia gamma di fitocostituenti sono stati isolati in varie parti della pianta: benzil isotiocianato, salvadorine, trimetilammina, α-tocoferolo, salvadourea, β-sitosterolo, salvadoricine, quercitina, benzil ammidi, 1-8-cineolo, α-cariofillene e β-pinene, tannini, silice, fluoro, calcio, cloruri, solfuri, vitamina C. Questi composti possiedono importanti proprietà antibatteriche, anticariogene, antifungine, antiossidanti, antinfiammatorie. Il bastoncino miswak viene utilizzato come spazzolino da denti naturale da moltissimi secoli, in quanto Maometto ha incentivato il suo uso nella pratica religiosa. Diverse spiegazioni sulla sua efficacia nella pulizia e promozione dell'igiene orale di miswak sono state sviluppate tra cui gli effetti meccanici delle sue fibre ed il rilascio di sostanze chimiche benefiche. L'utilizzo come spazzolino da denti naturale rimuove la placca dentale, causa di carie e malattie parodontali. La formazione della placca è dovuta all'azione di diversi microrganismi gram-positivi e gram-negativi quali Streptococchi, Lactobacilli, Actinomiceti, Bifidobatteri, Fusobatteri, che aderiscono alla superficie dei denti portando allo sviluppo di carie e parodontopatie. Numerosi studi si sono concentrati sull'effetto antibatterico degli estratti acquosi e alcolici di miswak nei confronti dei principali patogeni orali: l'estratto delle radici dell'olio essenziale di Salvadora persica ha mostrato una alta concentrazione di benzil isotiocianato con un forte effetto battericida contro patogeni gram-negativi come A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis. Estratti acquosi ma soprattutto alcolici di miswak hanno mostrato una forte zona di inibizione contro batteri cariogeni come Streptococcus mutans e Lactobacilli. Attività antifungina è stata dimostrata inoltre verso numerose specie orali di Candida, con forte inibizione di crescita ad opera dei composti volatili di Salvadora persica. Inoltre γ-tocoferolo e α-tocoferolo presenti nell'olio di semi sono promettenti per gli effetti antiossidanti in quanto attivi come la vitamina E. La proprietà principale di Salvadora persica è quella antibatterica ed ulteriori studi vanno condotti sul suo meccanismo d'azione ad oggi non ancora del tutto elucidato. Le proprietà di Salvadora persica la rendono una pianta polivalente con diverse prospettive di studio.
Salvadora persica: composti bioattivi in odontostomatologia
BORASIO, LUDOVICO
2015/2016
Abstract
Salvadora Persica is a desert plant of Salvadoraceae family and is commonly known as the toothbrush tree. Its leaves, fruits, roots and stems show different properties of pharmacological interest. A wide range of phytoconstituents were isolated in various parts of the plant: benzyl isothiocyanate, salvadorine, trimethylamine, α-tocopherol, salvadourea, β-sitosterol, salvadoricine, quercetin, benzyl amides, 1-8 cineole, α and β-caryophyllene pinene, tannin, silica, fluoride, calcium, chlorides, sulfides, vitamin C. These compounds have important antibacterial properties, anticariogene, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory. The Miswak stick has been used as a natural toothbrush for many centuries, since Mohammed has encouraged its use in religious practice. Different explanations about his cleaning effect and promotion of Miswak oral hygiene have been developed including the mechanical effects of its fibers and release of beneficial chemicals. The use as a natural toothbrush removes dental plaque, which causes tooth decay and periodontal diseases. The plaque formation is due to the action of various gram-positive and gram-negative organisms such as Streptococci, Lactobacilli, Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium, Fusobacteria, which adhere to the surface of the teeth leading to the development of caries and periodontal disease. Numerous studies have focused on the effect of antibacterial aqueous extracts and alcohol miswak against the main oral pathogens: the essential oil extract of the roots of Salvadora persica has shown a high concentration of benzyl isothiocyanate with a strong effect bactericidal against gram-negative pathogens such as A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis. aqueous extracts but especially of miswak alcohol showed a strong zone of inhibition against cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. antifungal activity was also demonstrated to many species oral Candida, with strong growth inhibition at the hands of the volatile compounds of Salvadora persica. Furthermore, γ-tocopherol and α-tocopherol present are promising for the antioxidant effects in the oil of seeds as active as vitamin E. The main property of Salvadora persica is antibacterial and further studies should be conducted on its mechanism of action which has still not been completely elucidated. The Salvadora persica properties make it a multipurpose plant with different perspectives of study.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/17874