In the last few years, the scientific world has focused attention on the development of a new category of biological drugs, based on the use of vital cells, to obtain a therapeutic, diagnostic or preventive effect. To this aim, the cells may undergo minimal or extensive manipulations, such as cell selection, in vitro expansion, activation of anti-infective or anti-tumor T cell lines/clones. This category of drugs have particular characteristics, and due to their peculiarities, their production and use is strictly regulated internationally. The regulations require specific and selective criteria able to guarantee the safety of cellular products, that have to be administered to patients. One of the critical requirements for cellular products is the absence of microbiological contamination, evaluated in a sterility test. This thesis work is focused on the validation of an automated method for sterility testing in the context of the Microbiological Quality Controls to be executed on Cell Therapy Medicinal Products (CTMP) prepared at the GMP facility Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia. The test is carried out by inoculation of a portion of CTMP culture media o wash media in bottles containing specific broths for aerobic, anaerobic and fungal microorganisms. The bottles are inserted in an automated culture system and maintained at the temperature recommended by the European Pharmacopoeia (EU.PH.) protocols (30-35°C for anaerobic bacteria, 20-25°C for aerobic bacteria and fungi). The procedure is based on the principle that, if microorganisms are present in the inoculated bottle, they will metabolize the nutrients present in the media and produce substances, such as CO2, that will be detected by the automated system. Up to 2017, the sterility test was conducted in a 14 day culture assay. The aim of this work was to validate an automated procedure based on the use of the BD Bactec TM FX instrument for a 7-day culture assay, in order to shorten the time for CTMP qualification and, consequently, the time required for product release for clinical use. Sterility test validation was conducted according to Eu.Ph. requirements. We carried out two different types of tests: i) fertility test, that allows to evaluate if the specific culture broths are suitable for the growth of microorganism possibly present in the CTMP; ii) suitability test, that allows to evaluate the suitability of CTMP prepared at the GMP facility to promote the growth of contaminant microorganisms. Ten strains of bacterial and fungal microorganism, required by the Eu.Ph., were employed for the validation study. Plating controls were carried out by inoculation in agar blood and agar Schaedler media plates and subsequent culture in incubators. Strain identification was carried out by an automated method using a MALDI-TOF instrument. The validation was conducted on 4 different types of CTMPs, mesenchylam stromal cells, anti-leukemia cytotoxic T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for Epstein Barr virus, and T cell lines specific for polyomavirus JC, representative of the products prepared at the Facility. On the basis of the results obtained in duplicate and triplicate experiments, we were able to validate the automated method for CTMP sterility testing, characterized by the use of the BD BactecTM FX instrument, according to the requirements stated in the Eu.Ph. 9.2, chapter 2.6.27.
Negli ultimi anni il mondo scientifico ha riposto particolare attenzione allo sviluppo di una nuova categoria di farmaci biologici, basati sull’impiego di cellule vitali, allo scopo di ottenere un effetto terapeutico, diagnostico o preventivo. A tal fine le cellule subiscono “manipolazioni” più o meno estese quali ad esempio la selezione cellulare, l’espansione in vitro, la generazione di cloni anti infettivi o anti neoplastici. Questi farmaci presentano caratteristiche del tutto particolari e, proprio in virtù delle loro peculiarità, la loro produzione e sperimentazione è strettamente regolata a livello internazionale. Tale regolamentazione impone criteri specifici e selettivi atti a garantire, in primo luogo, la sicurezza del prodotto finale in quanto destinato ad essere somministrato a pazienti. Uno dei requisiti imprescindibili che un prodotto per terapia cellulare deve avere è l’assenza di contaminazioni batteriche, valutata in un test di sterilità. Lo studio di tesi si è incentrato sulla validazione di un metodo automatico per l’analisi di sterilità nell'ambito dei Controlli di Qualità Microbiologici da eseguire sui Prodotti Medicinali di Terapia Cellulare (PMTC) preparati nel laboratorio GMP Cell Factory della Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo di Pavia. La ricerca di microrganismi batterici è effettuata mediante inoculo di una quota dei terreni di coltura o di lavaggio dei PMTC in flaconi contenenti brodi specifici per batteri aerobi, anaerobi e miceti. I flaconi sono successivamente introdotti in un sistema automatizzato e mantenuti in coltura alle temperature previste dai protocolli definiti dalla farmacopea (30-35°C per gli anaerobi, 20-25°C per gli aerobi e i miceti). La procedura si basa sul principio che, se nel flacone inoculato sono presenti dei microrganismi, questi metabolizzeranno i substrati presenti nel terreno e produrranno metaboliti (ad esempio CO2), che verranno quindi segnalati dal sistema automatico dello strumento. Sino all’anno 2017, l’analisi era condotta tramite coltura a 14 giorni. Scopo di questo lavoro è stato quello di validare la procedura automatizzata mediante strumento BD Bactec TM FX per un tempo di coltura di 7 giorni, al fine di accorciare i tempi di qualifica dei PMTC e, di conseguenza, i tempi del rilascio cellulare per uso clinico. La validazione del test di sterilità è stata condotta in accordo con quanto stabilito dalla Farmacopea Europea (Eu.Ph.). E’ stata eseguita la convalida mediante due diversi tipologie di test: i) il test di fertilità, che consente di valutare l’idoneità dei brodi utilizzati alla crescita dei microrganismi eventualmente presenti nei PMTC; ii) il test di suitability, che permette di stabilire l’idoneità dei PMTC preparati presso la Cell Factory alla crescita di microrganismi contaminanti. Sono stati utilizzati ceppi dei 10 diversi microorganismi previsti dalla Farmacopea. Il controllo di piastratura è stato eseguito mediante inoculazione in terreni agar sangue e agar Schaedler ed incubazione in termostato. L’identificazione dei ceppi è stata effettuata mediante metodica automatizzata utilizzando lo strumento MALDI-TOF. La convalida del test di sterilità è stata eseguita su quattro tipologie di prodotto, rappresentative dei PMTC preparati presso la Cell Factory, ovvero cellule stromali mesenchimali, linee linfocitarie T citotossiche anti- leucemia, linee linfocitarie T citotossiche EBV-specifiche e linee polyomavirus JC-specifiche. Sulla base dei risultati ottenuti, abbiamo potuto validare il metodo automatizzato di controllo microbiologico della sterilità dei PMTC, caratterizzato dall’utilizzo dello strumento BD BactecTM FX, in base ai requisiti riportati nella Eu.Ph. 9.2, capitolo 2.6.27.
Validazione del test di sterilità microbiologica per qualifica dei prodotti cellulari per terapia avanzata
CALÌ, ROBERTA PAOLA
2017/2018
Abstract
In the last few years, the scientific world has focused attention on the development of a new category of biological drugs, based on the use of vital cells, to obtain a therapeutic, diagnostic or preventive effect. To this aim, the cells may undergo minimal or extensive manipulations, such as cell selection, in vitro expansion, activation of anti-infective or anti-tumor T cell lines/clones. This category of drugs have particular characteristics, and due to their peculiarities, their production and use is strictly regulated internationally. The regulations require specific and selective criteria able to guarantee the safety of cellular products, that have to be administered to patients. One of the critical requirements for cellular products is the absence of microbiological contamination, evaluated in a sterility test. This thesis work is focused on the validation of an automated method for sterility testing in the context of the Microbiological Quality Controls to be executed on Cell Therapy Medicinal Products (CTMP) prepared at the GMP facility Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia. The test is carried out by inoculation of a portion of CTMP culture media o wash media in bottles containing specific broths for aerobic, anaerobic and fungal microorganisms. The bottles are inserted in an automated culture system and maintained at the temperature recommended by the European Pharmacopoeia (EU.PH.) protocols (30-35°C for anaerobic bacteria, 20-25°C for aerobic bacteria and fungi). The procedure is based on the principle that, if microorganisms are present in the inoculated bottle, they will metabolize the nutrients present in the media and produce substances, such as CO2, that will be detected by the automated system. Up to 2017, the sterility test was conducted in a 14 day culture assay. The aim of this work was to validate an automated procedure based on the use of the BD Bactec TM FX instrument for a 7-day culture assay, in order to shorten the time for CTMP qualification and, consequently, the time required for product release for clinical use. Sterility test validation was conducted according to Eu.Ph. requirements. We carried out two different types of tests: i) fertility test, that allows to evaluate if the specific culture broths are suitable for the growth of microorganism possibly present in the CTMP; ii) suitability test, that allows to evaluate the suitability of CTMP prepared at the GMP facility to promote the growth of contaminant microorganisms. Ten strains of bacterial and fungal microorganism, required by the Eu.Ph., were employed for the validation study. Plating controls were carried out by inoculation in agar blood and agar Schaedler media plates and subsequent culture in incubators. Strain identification was carried out by an automated method using a MALDI-TOF instrument. The validation was conducted on 4 different types of CTMPs, mesenchylam stromal cells, anti-leukemia cytotoxic T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for Epstein Barr virus, and T cell lines specific for polyomavirus JC, representative of the products prepared at the Facility. On the basis of the results obtained in duplicate and triplicate experiments, we were able to validate the automated method for CTMP sterility testing, characterized by the use of the BD BactecTM FX instrument, according to the requirements stated in the Eu.Ph. 9.2, chapter 2.6.27.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/18056