In this study, a water-based nail polish including propolis was developed. The aim of the work was to formulate a preventive nail lacquer for subjects prone to nail dysbiosis, due to several predisposing factors like concomitant diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis or activities that could damage the nail and allow the establishment of pathogens from the external environment. The use of this nail polish, thanks to the antibacterial and antifungal action of propolis, could increase the protection against the commensal microbiota within the nail and at periungueal level. Moreover, it could be helpful to inhibit the establishment of microorganisms harmful for the bacterial flora of the skin. A first phase of study was conducted to identify the ideal concentration of the active to be include within the nail polish, in a way they could perform their action at the nail level. For this purpose, solubility and antioxidant activity tests were conducted on the dry extract of powdered propolis and on the active included in cyclodextrins. At the same time, an ex vivo analysis protocol had to be defined and optimised. For this aim, membranes from bovine hooves have been produced and characterized, in order to be used for the permeability study of the active ingredient through diffusion cells. Afterwards, a systematic formulation study was carried out to obtain a water-based nail polish. To improve the formulation, the same permeability studies involving diffusion cells have been conducted. Alongside the analysis of the activity of the active substance, also a NIR evaluation has been performed for a better understanding of the behaviour of the active through the membranes. From the study it was possible to obtain water-based nail polish containing propolis. The presence of the product included in cyclodextrins facilitates the formulation of the product since it improves the solubility of the active ingredient and pigments. The formulation allows to obtain a nail polish with satisfactory organoleptic characteristics. The chosen model of bovine membranes for permeability studies confirms itself as an excellent method for evaluation of product for nail use. The membranes used, with a thickness varying between 100 and 300 µm, are all eligible for permeability studies and the results do not show a significant difference in the amount of permeating active in relation to the thickness of the membranes. The inclusion of the active ingredient does not seem to increase the transungueal permeation, like the extract, but it seems to allow a greater adhesion of the product to the nail surface. This makes it a promising product to be used as a preventive agent against alterations of the local microbiota.
Nel presente elaborato di tesi è stato sviluppato uno smalto all'acqua a base di propoli inclusa in ciclodestrine. L’obbiettivo del lavoro è stato quello di riuscire a formulare uno smalto preventivo per soggetti inclini a disbiosi ungueali a causa di diversi fattori predisponenti: patologie concomitanti come psoriasi e dermatite atopica o attività che indeboliscono l’unghia nel complesso e permettono l’insediarsi di agenti patogeni derivanti dall’ambiente esterno. L’uso di questo smalto, grazie all’azione antibatterica e antimicotica della propoli, potrebbe aumentare la protezione nei confronti del microbiota commensale a livello ungueale e periungueale in modo da opporsi all'insediamento di microrganismi nocivi per la flora batterica cutanea. È stata condotta una prima fase di studio per identificare le concentrazioni ideali di attivo da veicolare all'interno dello smalto, tali che potessero esplicare la loro azione a livello ungueale. A tale scopo sono state condotte prove di solubilità e di attività antiossidante sia dell’estratto secco di propoli in polvere sia dell’attivo incluso in ciclodestrine. Parallelamente è stato necessario definire e ottimizzare un protocollo di analisi ex vivo. A questo scopo sono state prodotte e caratterizzate membrane provenienti da zoccolo bovino su cui sono stati condotti studi di permeabilità dell’attivo tramite celle di diffusione. Dopo le prime prove di permeabilità sulle soluzioni di attivo libero e incluso è stata sviluppata la sistematica formulativa per l’ottenimento di uno smalto a base acquosa. Sulla formula ottimizzata sono stati condotti i medesimi studi di permeabilità attraverso le celle di diffusione, affiancando all'analisi dell’attività della sostanza attiva anche una valutazione mediante spettroscopia del vicino infrarosso per l’identificazione del comportamento dell’attivo attraverso le membrane. Dallo studio condotto è stato possibile ottenere smalti a base acquosa contenenti propoli. La presenza del prodotto incluso in ciclodestrine facilita la fase formulativa, in quanto migliora la solubilità dell’attivo e dei pigmenti. E’ stato quindi possibile ottenere uno smalto con caratteristiche organolettiche soddisfacenti. Il modello scelto di membrana bovina per gli studi di permeabilità si conferma un ottimo metodo per la valutazione dei prodotti per uso ungueale. Le membrane utilizzate di spessore variabile tra i 100 e 300 µm sono tutte utilizzabili allo stesso modo e i risultati non evidenziano una differenza significativa della quantità di attivo permeante in relazione allo spessore stesso delle membrane. Dai dati relativi agli studi di permeabilità si nota che l’inclusione in ciclodestrine non consente il passaggio transungueale di propoli, a differenza dell’estratto di propoli non incluso che può liberamente permeare la lamina ungueale. L’uso delle ciclodestrine incrementa il deposito di attivo a livello della lamina. Avviene quindi una maggior adesione dell’attivo al letto superficiale dell’unghia potendo in questo modo essere utilizzato come agente preventivo delle alterazioni del microbiota locale.
Ciclodestrine e Nail Care: approccio formulativo per la prevenzione di alterazioni ungueali
LUONI, MARGHERITA
2018/2019
Abstract
In this study, a water-based nail polish including propolis was developed. The aim of the work was to formulate a preventive nail lacquer for subjects prone to nail dysbiosis, due to several predisposing factors like concomitant diseases such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis or activities that could damage the nail and allow the establishment of pathogens from the external environment. The use of this nail polish, thanks to the antibacterial and antifungal action of propolis, could increase the protection against the commensal microbiota within the nail and at periungueal level. Moreover, it could be helpful to inhibit the establishment of microorganisms harmful for the bacterial flora of the skin. A first phase of study was conducted to identify the ideal concentration of the active to be include within the nail polish, in a way they could perform their action at the nail level. For this purpose, solubility and antioxidant activity tests were conducted on the dry extract of powdered propolis and on the active included in cyclodextrins. At the same time, an ex vivo analysis protocol had to be defined and optimised. For this aim, membranes from bovine hooves have been produced and characterized, in order to be used for the permeability study of the active ingredient through diffusion cells. Afterwards, a systematic formulation study was carried out to obtain a water-based nail polish. To improve the formulation, the same permeability studies involving diffusion cells have been conducted. Alongside the analysis of the activity of the active substance, also a NIR evaluation has been performed for a better understanding of the behaviour of the active through the membranes. From the study it was possible to obtain water-based nail polish containing propolis. The presence of the product included in cyclodextrins facilitates the formulation of the product since it improves the solubility of the active ingredient and pigments. The formulation allows to obtain a nail polish with satisfactory organoleptic characteristics. The chosen model of bovine membranes for permeability studies confirms itself as an excellent method for evaluation of product for nail use. The membranes used, with a thickness varying between 100 and 300 µm, are all eligible for permeability studies and the results do not show a significant difference in the amount of permeating active in relation to the thickness of the membranes. The inclusion of the active ingredient does not seem to increase the transungueal permeation, like the extract, but it seems to allow a greater adhesion of the product to the nail surface. This makes it a promising product to be used as a preventive agent against alterations of the local microbiota.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/18540