Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in women of reproductive age is a major malnutrition concern in developing countries. IDA is associated with complex interactions between its causes and socioeconomic determinants, varying across regions at sub-national levels. Dearth of academic and clinical literature on this association and lack of nationally representative data on the relevant indicators for Pakistan are major roadblocks to treat the national burden. Relevant literature is available for India but almost no studies are done on other countries in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. This study presents the prevalence of anaemia in women of reproductive age, a vulnerable group that is disadvantaged in Pakistan in terms of access to and outcomes related to health. The study explores the socio-economic determinants of IDA in women, the extent of socio-economic inequality in IDA and district-wise spatial patterns in its prevalence. By using data from the recent Pakistan National Nutrition Survey 2018 and employing sophisticated empirical techniques of bivariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression, concentration index and choropleth maps, the study elucidate how multifactorial socio-economic determinants affect the prevalence of IDA in Pakistan. There is also a significant inequality in the incidence of IDA across the districts. Hence, multi-sectoral and integrated interventions targeting specific groups and geographical areas need to be designed, developed and implemented.
La prevalenza dell'anemia da carenza di ferro (IDA) nelle donne in età riproduttiva è uno dei principali problemi di malnutrizione nei paesi in via di sviluppo. IDA è associato a complesse interazioni tra le sue cause e determinanti socioeconomici, che variano tra le regioni a livello subnazionale. La carenza di letteratura accademica e clinica su questa associazione e la mancanza di dati rappresentativi a livello nazionale sugli indicatori rilevanti per il Pakistan sono i principali ostacoli al trattamento dell'onere nazionale. La letteratura pertinente è disponibile per l'India, ma quasi nessuno studio viene condotto su altri paesi dell'Asia meridionale e dell'Africa subsahariana. Questo studio presenta la prevalenza dell'anemia nelle donne in età riproduttiva, un gruppo vulnerabile svantaggiato in Pakistan in termini di accesso e risultati relativi alla salute. Lo studio esplora i determinanti socioeconomici dell'IDA nelle donne, l'entità della disuguaglianza socioeconomica nell'IDA e i modelli spaziali a livello distrettuale nella sua prevalenza. Utilizzando i dati del recente Pakistan National Nutrition Survey 2018 e impiegando sofisticate tecniche empiriche di analisi bivariata, regressione logistica multivariata, indice di concentrazione e mappe coropletiche, lo studio chiarisce come i determinanti socioeconomici multifattoriali influenzino la prevalenza di IDA in Pakistan. C'è anche una significativa disuguaglianza nell'incidenza di IDA tra i distretti. Pertanto, è necessario progettare, sviluppare e attuare interventi multisettoriali e integrati rivolti a specifici gruppi e aree geografiche.
Iron-Deficiency Anaemia (IDA): Socio-Economic Inequality and Spatial Patterns in its Prevalence in Women of Reproductive Age in Pakistan
FATIMA, AROOJ
2021/2022
Abstract
Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in women of reproductive age is a major malnutrition concern in developing countries. IDA is associated with complex interactions between its causes and socioeconomic determinants, varying across regions at sub-national levels. Dearth of academic and clinical literature on this association and lack of nationally representative data on the relevant indicators for Pakistan are major roadblocks to treat the national burden. Relevant literature is available for India but almost no studies are done on other countries in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. This study presents the prevalence of anaemia in women of reproductive age, a vulnerable group that is disadvantaged in Pakistan in terms of access to and outcomes related to health. The study explores the socio-economic determinants of IDA in women, the extent of socio-economic inequality in IDA and district-wise spatial patterns in its prevalence. By using data from the recent Pakistan National Nutrition Survey 2018 and employing sophisticated empirical techniques of bivariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression, concentration index and choropleth maps, the study elucidate how multifactorial socio-economic determinants affect the prevalence of IDA in Pakistan. There is also a significant inequality in the incidence of IDA across the districts. Hence, multi-sectoral and integrated interventions targeting specific groups and geographical areas need to be designed, developed and implemented.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/1895