The entering into force of the Kyoto Protocol and the three targets 20-20-20 plan makes the emissions reduction and the energy efficiency fundamental targets. In this background the energy management policy, which aims to lower energetic consumptions, was born. This work is the study of a cassava starch extraction plant located in Bayelsa State, in Nigeria. The whole production chain has been analysed starting from the raw material (cassava roots) to the final product (modified starch). By the examination of the machinery operating modes, the evaluation of energetic consumptions has been done. The electrical energy required is produced by two genesect fed by diesel and this is due to the low efficiency of the Nigerian electric transmission grid. Hence the necessity of carrying out a feasibility study and a conceptual design of a biogas plant gained importance. In fact in this way it is possible to reduce both emissions and the plant costs but also the waste management is facilitate. The analysis shows that the usage of biogas as fuel allows to obtain an economic saving round 2,663,068.19 $/anno. It also gives the possibility to use a cogeneration for the production of both electric and thermal energy.
Con l’entrata in vigore del Protocollo di Kyoto e del Piano 20-20-20, la riduzione delle emissioni e l’efficienza energetica sono diventati obiettivi irrinunciabili. È in questo contesto che si inquadra la politica di energy management volta al contenimento dei consumi energetici. L’elaborato prende in esame un impianto di produzione di amido da cassava situato nel Bayelsa State, in Nigeria. Si è analizzata l’intera filiera produttiva a partire dalla materia prima (radici di cassava) fino alla messa in commercio del prodotto finito (amido modificato). Esaminando il funzionamento dei macchinari coinvolti, è stato possibile valutare i consumi energetici. L’impianto, a causa del basso livello di efficienza della rete di trasmissione di energia elettrica nigeriana, lavora off-grid mediante due gruppi elettrogeni alimentati a diesel. È emersa quindi la necessità di svolgere un’analisi di fattibilità e una progettazione di massima di un impianto di digestione anaerobica al fine di ridurre le emissioni, i costi dell’impianto e di facilitare la gestione dei rifiuti derivanti dal processo. Dall’analisi è emerso che l’utilizzo del biogas come vettore energetico comporta oltre ad un risparmio economico pari a 2,663,068.19 $/anno, la possibilità di produrre energia elettrica e termica mediante cogenerazione.
Analysis of a 240 t/d cassava starch production plant
FRATTINI, GIULIA
2015/2016
Abstract
The entering into force of the Kyoto Protocol and the three targets 20-20-20 plan makes the emissions reduction and the energy efficiency fundamental targets. In this background the energy management policy, which aims to lower energetic consumptions, was born. This work is the study of a cassava starch extraction plant located in Bayelsa State, in Nigeria. The whole production chain has been analysed starting from the raw material (cassava roots) to the final product (modified starch). By the examination of the machinery operating modes, the evaluation of energetic consumptions has been done. The electrical energy required is produced by two genesect fed by diesel and this is due to the low efficiency of the Nigerian electric transmission grid. Hence the necessity of carrying out a feasibility study and a conceptual design of a biogas plant gained importance. In fact in this way it is possible to reduce both emissions and the plant costs but also the waste management is facilitate. The analysis shows that the usage of biogas as fuel allows to obtain an economic saving round 2,663,068.19 $/anno. It also gives the possibility to use a cogeneration for the production of both electric and thermal energy.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/19032