The block in volleyball is the skill that most affects the possible victory: it represents both a defending resource and an attacking weapon. Improving this skill allows the team to take stock directly, as well as containing the opponent's attacks. This is especially useful in professional championships where the ball reaches a speed of over 100 km/h since it creates more chances of recovery on defense and more set possibilities for the attack. The proposed study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a cognitive-reactive mental training in order to reduce the reaction time of a men's national Serie B volleyball team. The Quam test was first administered to the study sample in order to assess the motivational state (this mental ability can be considered as a discriminating factor for the success of the experiment). An experimental case-control study with randomized distribution was therefore carried out. The sample, consisting of 12 athletes, was divided into a treatment group and a control group: the former underwent computer training, the latter carried out generic muscle-strengthening work through crunch exercise. The translocation reaction times of the block recorded before and after the mental training were compared to verify the effectiveness of the training. The carried out training is based on the administration of three different tests: yellow dot, "L" test and red dot. The performance of each training provided that the athlete must press the space bar as quickly as possible when the specific visual stimulus appears. These workouts were repeated cyclically every week in the same order. By comparing the results obtained before and at the end of this training, it was shown that the reaction times were reduced unevenly in all cases. The times measured in the practical test of the block showed an effective increase in reactivity of the treated subjects, while no significant variations were recorded in the control ones. The prospect of the study is therefore to verify the effectiveness of large-scale training by assessing its effects on professional level players, replacing current training programs with new technologies. New and broader studies are desiderable to demonstrate the existence of various models to improve sports performance and make mental training common to the various phases of the volleyball, being able to extend this practice to other defense skills.
Il muro nella pallavolo è il fondamentale che più incide sulla possibile vittoria: rappresenta sia una risorsa in difesa che un’arma in attacco. Migliorare questo fondamentale permette alla squadra di far punto direttamente, oltre che di contenere gli attacchi dell’avversario in condizioni in cui la palla raggiunge una velocità di oltre 100 km/h, specialmente nei campionati professionistici. Si creano così più possibilità di recupero in difesa e maggiori palloni d’alzata per l’attacco. Lo studio proposto ha come obiettivo indagare l’efficacia di un training mentale cognitivo-reattivo. Tale training ha lo scopo di ridurre i tempi di reazione in una squadra di pallavolo nazionale di serie B maschile. Dapprima al campione dello studio è stato somministrato il Quam test allo scopo di valutare lo stato motivazionale (tale abilità mentale è considerabile come un fattore discriminante per la riuscita dell’esperimento). È stato, quindi, realizzato uno studio sperimentale caso-controllo con distribuzione randomizzata. Si è diviso il campione, costituito da 12 atleti, in un gruppo di trattamento e uno di controllo: i primi sono stati sottoposti ad un training al computer, i secondi hanno svolto un lavoro generico di potenziamento muscolare tramite esercizio crunch. Per verificare l’efficacia o meno dell’allenamento si sono poi comparati i tempi di reazione di traslocazione del muro registrati prima e dopo il mental training. Il training effettuato è basato sulla somministrazione di tre differenti test: pallino giallo, test “L” e pallino rosso. Lo svolgimento di ciascun training prevedeva che l’atleta dovesse premere la barra spaziatrice il più velocemente possibile alla comparsa dello stimolo visivo specifico. Tali allenamenti sono stati riproposti ciclicamente ogni settimana nel medesimo ordine. Comparando i risultati ottenuti prima e al termine di tale training si è evidenziato che i tempi di reazione si sono ridotti in maniera non uniforme in tutti i casi. I tempi misurati nel test pratico del muro hanno evidenziato un effettivo aumento della reattività nei soggetti sottoposti al trattamento mentre nei controlli non sono state registrate variazioni significative. La prospettiva dello studio è quindi quella di verificare l’efficacia dell’allenamento su larga scala valutandone gli effetti su giocatori di livello professionistico, sostituendo gli attuali programmi di allenamento con le nuove tecnologie. Nuovi e più ampi studi sono auspicabili per dimostrare l’esistenza di vari modelli per migliorare la performance sportiva e rendere uso comune il training mentale alle varie fasi di gioco della pallavolo potendo estendere tale pratica anche ad altri fondamentali come la difesa.
IL TRAINIG MENTALE COGNITIVO-REATTIVO NELLA PALLAVOLO: UNO STUDIO SULL’INCREMENTO DELLA REATTIVITA’ NELLE FASI DI LETTURA E TRASLOCAZIONE DEL MURO.
ANTONACI, PIERGIORGIO
2018/2019
Abstract
The block in volleyball is the skill that most affects the possible victory: it represents both a defending resource and an attacking weapon. Improving this skill allows the team to take stock directly, as well as containing the opponent's attacks. This is especially useful in professional championships where the ball reaches a speed of over 100 km/h since it creates more chances of recovery on defense and more set possibilities for the attack. The proposed study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a cognitive-reactive mental training in order to reduce the reaction time of a men's national Serie B volleyball team. The Quam test was first administered to the study sample in order to assess the motivational state (this mental ability can be considered as a discriminating factor for the success of the experiment). An experimental case-control study with randomized distribution was therefore carried out. The sample, consisting of 12 athletes, was divided into a treatment group and a control group: the former underwent computer training, the latter carried out generic muscle-strengthening work through crunch exercise. The translocation reaction times of the block recorded before and after the mental training were compared to verify the effectiveness of the training. The carried out training is based on the administration of three different tests: yellow dot, "L" test and red dot. The performance of each training provided that the athlete must press the space bar as quickly as possible when the specific visual stimulus appears. These workouts were repeated cyclically every week in the same order. By comparing the results obtained before and at the end of this training, it was shown that the reaction times were reduced unevenly in all cases. The times measured in the practical test of the block showed an effective increase in reactivity of the treated subjects, while no significant variations were recorded in the control ones. The prospect of the study is therefore to verify the effectiveness of large-scale training by assessing its effects on professional level players, replacing current training programs with new technologies. New and broader studies are desiderable to demonstrate the existence of various models to improve sports performance and make mental training common to the various phases of the volleyball, being able to extend this practice to other defense skills.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/19263