The anxiety disorder is the most common type of psychiatric pathological manifestation. It is an emotional experience and innate where it’s possible recognize a concrete external threat. It differs mainly in physiological or pathological, that depends on the intensity of the typical autonomic symptoms both physical and psychological, involves areas of the central nervous system (amygdala, thalamus) and expected changes of the operating mechanisms of certain neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA). Anxiety has always been a problem for the man, which over the centuries has sought a solution. From remedies lacking a scientific value, the current drug therapy provides especially the use of benzodiazepines. They are lipophilic compounds, with high therapeutic index, well absorbed by the oral, metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine. They work by increasing the activity of GABA. The prolonged use can lead to tolerance, as well as in dependence with rebound effect and, in the worst cases, abuse. One possible solution to the problem of anxiety can be founded in the use of herbal medicine.
Il disturbo dell’ansia rappresenta la tipologia più diffusa di manifestazione patologica psichiatrica. È un’esperienza emotiva ed innata in cui non è possibile riconoscere una minaccia esterna concreta. Si distingue principalmente in fisiologica o patologica, a seconda dell’intensità dei tipici sintomi neurovegetativi sia fisici che psichici, coinvolge aree del sistema nervoso centrale (amigdala, talamo) e prevede alterazioni dei meccanismi di funzionamento di alcuni neurotrasmettitori (acido glutammico, GABA). Da sempre l’ansia ha rappresentato un problema per l’uomo, il quale nei secoli ne ha cercato una soluzione. Da rimedi privi di una valenza scientifica, l’attuale terapia farmacologica prevede soprattutto l’uso delle benzodiazepine. Sono composti lipofili, con elevato indice terapeutico, ben assorbiti a livello orale, metabolizzati a livello epatico ed escreti con le urine. Agiscono potenziando l’attività del GABA. L’uso prolungato può portare a tolleranza, oltre che a dipendenza con effetto rimbalzo e, nei casi peggiori, all’abuso. Una possibile soluzione al problema dell’ansia si può trovare nell’utilizzo del farmaco fitoterapico.
Farmaco di sintesi e rimedio fitoterapico: impieghi, sinergie e limiti nel trattamento del disturbo d'ansia
RAGNOLI, VERONICA
2014/2015
Abstract
The anxiety disorder is the most common type of psychiatric pathological manifestation. It is an emotional experience and innate where it’s possible recognize a concrete external threat. It differs mainly in physiological or pathological, that depends on the intensity of the typical autonomic symptoms both physical and psychological, involves areas of the central nervous system (amygdala, thalamus) and expected changes of the operating mechanisms of certain neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA). Anxiety has always been a problem for the man, which over the centuries has sought a solution. From remedies lacking a scientific value, the current drug therapy provides especially the use of benzodiazepines. They are lipophilic compounds, with high therapeutic index, well absorbed by the oral, metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine. They work by increasing the activity of GABA. The prolonged use can lead to tolerance, as well as in dependence with rebound effect and, in the worst cases, abuse. One possible solution to the problem of anxiety can be founded in the use of herbal medicine.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/19282