The approval of ocrelizumab as the first treatment for primary progressive multiple sclerosis has been a "historical" passage in the therapy of this severe form that affects about 10-15% of SM patients, giving hope to these patients to be able to slow down significantly the progression of multiple sclerosis. In fact, the data that provided us with the clinical studies I reported in this thesis show that not only ocrelizumab is able to reduce the disease progression by 24% over two years, but according to the first Data provided by Extension Clinical Trials (OLE) is also able to improve its long-term efficacy. It is therefore important to start this therapy as early as possible, at the first diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. In addition, this drug is highly effective also in relapsing remitting doses demonstrating in the clinical trials a 46.5% annualized recurrence rate (ARR) reduction over interferon-β-1a over two years, which also here it is set to rise according to the first data of the OLE study. Therefore, Ocrelizumab is not only currently the only progressive therapy for primary forms but should become a first-rate therapy in those patients with multiple sclerosis characterized by relapses that do not respond to treatment with milder drugs such as interferons or patients with a particularly aggressive clinical course. Indeed, usually for these patients is indicated a therapy with immunosuppressants that have severe side effects or a monoclonal antibody therapy is indicated, Natalizumab, which, while being very effective, has the potential to contract progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a disease caused by the JC virus that poses a serious risk to the patient's life. In all of the clinical trials that ocellizumab has been subjected to and in patients treated during these first months of its approval, PML cases have not been reported. Despite this, further confirmation will be needed over the years that ocrelizumab can not lead to this serious illness, as well as the good safety margin will be established over the next few years.
L’approvazione dell’ocrelizumab come primo trattamento per la sclerosi multipla primariamente progressiva ha rappresentato un passaggio “storico” nella terapia di questa grave forma che colpisce circa il 10-15% dei malati di SM, dando la speranza a questi pazienti di poter rallentare notevolmente la progressione della sclerosi multipla. Infatti i dati che ci hanno fornito gli studi clinici di cui ho riportato nella stesura di questa tesi, testimoniano che non solo l’ocrelizumab è in grado di ridurre la progressione della malattia del 24% nell’arco di 2 anni, ma stando ai primi dati forniti dagli studi clinici di estensione (OLE) è anche in grado di migliorare la sua efficacia nel lungo periodo. È quindi importante iniziare questa terapia il prima possibile, alla prima diagnosi di sclerosi multipla primariamente progressiva. Inoltre questo farmaco possiede un’elevata efficacia anche nelle forme recidivanti remittenti dimostrando negli studi clinici una riduzione del tasso di recidiva annualizzato (ARR) del 46,5% rispetto all’interferone-beta-1a nell’arco di due anni, percentuale che anche qui è destinata a salire stando ai primi dati dello studio OLE. Quindi l’Ocrelizumab non solo attualmente è l’unica terapia per le forme primariamente progressive ma dovrebbe diventare una terapia di prima scelta in quei pazienti colpiti da sclerosi multipla caratterizzata da ricadute che non rispondono al trattamento con farmaci più blandi come gli interferoni oppure nei pazienti con decorso clinico particolarmente aggressivo. Infatti solitamente per questi pazienti viene indicata una terapia con immunosoppressori che portano però a gravi effetti collaterali oppure viene indicata una terapia con un anticorpo monoclonale, il Natalizumab, che pur essendo molto efficace presenta il rischio di contrarre la leucoencefalopatia multifocale progressiva (PML), una malattia causata dal virus JC che mette a grave rischio la vita del paziente. In tutti gli studi clinici a cui è stato soggetto l’ocrelizumab e nei pazienti trattati nel corso di questi primi mesi dalla sua approvazione, non sono stati riportati casi di PML. Nonostante ciò serviranno ulteriori conferme nel corso degli anni che l’ocrelizumab non possa portare a questa grave malattia come del resto anche il buon prifilo di sicurezza andrà accertato nel corso dei prossimi anni.
Ocrelizumab: il primo farmaco approvato per la sclerosi multipla primariamente progressiva
MASSARI, MATTEO
2016/2017
Abstract
The approval of ocrelizumab as the first treatment for primary progressive multiple sclerosis has been a "historical" passage in the therapy of this severe form that affects about 10-15% of SM patients, giving hope to these patients to be able to slow down significantly the progression of multiple sclerosis. In fact, the data that provided us with the clinical studies I reported in this thesis show that not only ocrelizumab is able to reduce the disease progression by 24% over two years, but according to the first Data provided by Extension Clinical Trials (OLE) is also able to improve its long-term efficacy. It is therefore important to start this therapy as early as possible, at the first diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. In addition, this drug is highly effective also in relapsing remitting doses demonstrating in the clinical trials a 46.5% annualized recurrence rate (ARR) reduction over interferon-β-1a over two years, which also here it is set to rise according to the first data of the OLE study. Therefore, Ocrelizumab is not only currently the only progressive therapy for primary forms but should become a first-rate therapy in those patients with multiple sclerosis characterized by relapses that do not respond to treatment with milder drugs such as interferons or patients with a particularly aggressive clinical course. Indeed, usually for these patients is indicated a therapy with immunosuppressants that have severe side effects or a monoclonal antibody therapy is indicated, Natalizumab, which, while being very effective, has the potential to contract progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a disease caused by the JC virus that poses a serious risk to the patient's life. In all of the clinical trials that ocellizumab has been subjected to and in patients treated during these first months of its approval, PML cases have not been reported. Despite this, further confirmation will be needed over the years that ocrelizumab can not lead to this serious illness, as well as the good safety margin will be established over the next few years.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/19350