Brittle nails, caused by idiopathic conditions, dermatological affections or generalized illness, have been treated with nail hardeners for decades. Hardeners represent a category of niche cosmetic products, which exploit the mechanism of action of formaldehyde, a substance capable of creating cross-links between the different keratin filaments, the protein of which the nails are constituted. The current EC Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009 allows a concentration of 5% within the mentioned products. However, on 1 January 2016, formaldehyde was reclassified as CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic, toxic for reproduction) of class 1 B: "Potentially carcinogenic substance for humans based on animal tests". CMRs, according to Regulation 1272/2008, can not be included in the formulations of cosmetic products, except in exceptional cases, including the absence of alternative substances. Each case should be evaluated by the European Commission within 15 months of the implementation of the law. Despite the real risk of nasopharynx cancer by inhaling formaldehyde at high concentrations, the SCCS tests concluded that a 2.2% amount within nail hardeners could be considered safe. Few moments after application, under certain limit conditions, the WHO 100 μg / m³ safety values can be achieved, but in 45-60 minutes the environment returns to the levels before the application. Currently, there has been no confirmation or denial of the use of formaldehyde in the nail hardeners. Therefore, three paths could be taken: • Formaldehyde could be considered safe and the only effective substance for use in hardening products. The 5% threshold would remain unchanged. • The limit concentration could be lowered to 2.2%. Concentration assessed safe by the Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety. In that case, it would be necessary to adapt the industry to the new parameter. • Formaldehyde could be banned and replaced with alternative substances. Among the proposals presented in a Norwegian document, the only valid candidate, seems to be the DMU. Such a substance, such as formaldehyde, is a cross-linking agent, but with fewer side effects and without sensitizing effect
La fragilità ungueale, causata da condizioni idiopatiche, affezioni dermatologiche o malattie generalizzate, è da decenni trattata con gli indurenti per unghie. Gli indurenti rappresentano una categoria di prodotti cosmetici di nicchia, che sfruttano il meccanismo d’azione della formaldeide, sostanza in grado di creare cross-link tra i diversi filamenti di cheratina, la proteina di cui le unghie sono costituite.L’attuale Regolamento sui cosmetici CE 1223/2009 ne permette una concentrazione pari al 5%, all’interno dei prodotti menzionati. Tuttavia, il 1° gennaio del 2016, la formaldeide è stata riclassificata come CMR (cancerogeno, mutageno, tossico per la riproduzione) di classe 1 B: “Sostanza potenzialmente cancerogena per l’uomo, sulla base dei test sugli animali”. I CMR, secondo il regolamento 1272/2008, non possono essere inseriti nelle formulazioni di prodotti cosmetici, tranne che in casi eccezionali, tra cui l’inesistenza di sostanze alternative; ogni caso specifico essere valutato dalla Commissione Europea entro 15 mesi dall’attuazione della legge. Nonostante il reale rischio di tumore del rinofaringe per inalazione della formaldeide ad alte concentrazioni, i test effettuati dal SCCS hanno concluso che una quota pari al 2,2% all’interno di indurenti per unghie, possa essere considerata sicura. Pochi istanti dopo l’applicazione, in alcune condizioni limite, possono essere raggiunti i valori di sicurezza stabiliti dall’OMS di 100 µg/m³, ma in 45-60 minuti l’ambiente ritorna ai livelli precedenti all’applicazione. Fino ad oggi, non ci sono state conferme né smentite, circa l’uso della formaldeide negli indurenti per unghie. Potrebbero pertanto, essere intraprese tre strade: • La formaldeide potrebbe essere considerata sicura e l’unica sostanza efficace per l’uso in prodotti indurenti. La soglia del 5% rimarrebbe invariata. • La concentrazione limite potrebbe essere abbassata al 2,2 %. Concentrazione valutata sicura dal Comitato Scientifico per la Sicurezza del Consumatore. In tal caso sarebbe necessario un adeguamento dell’Industria al nuovo parametro. • La formaldeide potrebbe essere bandita e sostituita con sostanze alternative. Tra le proposte presentate in un documento norvegese, l’unica valida candidata, sembra essere la DMU. Tale sostanza, come la formaldeide è un agente di reticolazione, ma con minor effetti collaterali e priva di effetto sensibilizzante.
LA FORMALDEIDE NEGLI INDURENTI PER UNGHIE:INQUADRAMENTO NORMATIVO E POSSIBILI ALTERNATIVE
COMUNE COMPAGNONI, CECILIA
2016/2017
Abstract
Brittle nails, caused by idiopathic conditions, dermatological affections or generalized illness, have been treated with nail hardeners for decades. Hardeners represent a category of niche cosmetic products, which exploit the mechanism of action of formaldehyde, a substance capable of creating cross-links between the different keratin filaments, the protein of which the nails are constituted. The current EC Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009 allows a concentration of 5% within the mentioned products. However, on 1 January 2016, formaldehyde was reclassified as CMR (carcinogenic, mutagenic, toxic for reproduction) of class 1 B: "Potentially carcinogenic substance for humans based on animal tests". CMRs, according to Regulation 1272/2008, can not be included in the formulations of cosmetic products, except in exceptional cases, including the absence of alternative substances. Each case should be evaluated by the European Commission within 15 months of the implementation of the law. Despite the real risk of nasopharynx cancer by inhaling formaldehyde at high concentrations, the SCCS tests concluded that a 2.2% amount within nail hardeners could be considered safe. Few moments after application, under certain limit conditions, the WHO 100 μg / m³ safety values can be achieved, but in 45-60 minutes the environment returns to the levels before the application. Currently, there has been no confirmation or denial of the use of formaldehyde in the nail hardeners. Therefore, three paths could be taken: • Formaldehyde could be considered safe and the only effective substance for use in hardening products. The 5% threshold would remain unchanged. • The limit concentration could be lowered to 2.2%. Concentration assessed safe by the Scientific Committee for Consumer Safety. In that case, it would be necessary to adapt the industry to the new parameter. • Formaldehyde could be banned and replaced with alternative substances. Among the proposals presented in a Norwegian document, the only valid candidate, seems to be the DMU. Such a substance, such as formaldehyde, is a cross-linking agent, but with fewer side effects and without sensitizing effectÈ consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/20647