Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches and commonly accompanied by nausea, photophobia and phonophobia. Experimental evidence suggests an important role for endocannabinoids in pain modulation, including migraine. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms and possible side effects associated with the use of endocannabinoids as analgesics need further investigation. Inhibition of Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which is responsible for the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), a lipid mediator involved in the modulation of pain, seems to be a good compromise between analgesic effects and reduction of side effects. We evaluated whether pretreatment with URB597, a central and peripheral FAAH inhibitor, alters nociceptive responses in the animal model of migraine based on nitroglycerin (NTG) administration, using the orofacial formalin test. Therefore, we evaluated trigeminal pain sensitivity and we studied the modulating effects at biochemical and molecular level in specific brain regions. Specifically, we evaluated the gene and protein expression of the transcriptional factor c-FOS in specific brain regions, and we evaluated the mRNA level of the genes Calca and nNos in central and peripheral areas, that encode Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) and neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) respectively, known central sensitization mediators.
L’emicrania è un disordine neuro-vascolare cronico, tipicamente caratterizzato da attacchi invalidanti di grave mal di testa e disfunzione del sistema nervoso autonomo. La modulazione del sistema endocannabinoide sembra essere un potenziale target terapeutico per diversi tipi di dolore, compreso quello emicranico. Tuttavia, i meccanismi alla base e gli eventuali effetti collaterali legati all’uso degli endocannabinoidi come analgesici necessitano di ulteriori indagini. L’inibizione dell’enzima Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), deputato all’idrolisi dell’endocannabinoide anandamide (AEA), mediatore lipidico coinvolto nella modulazione del dolore, sembra rappresentare un buon compromesso tra effetti analgesici e riduzione degli effetti collaterali. Nel presente lavoro di tesi abbiamo testato l’efficacia del pretrattamento con URB597, inibitore periferico e centrale di FAAH, sul dolore emicranico-trigeminale, utilizzando il modello animale di emicrania basato sulla somministrazione di nitroglicerina (NTG) associata al formalin oro-facciale. Pertanto, abbiamo valutato la sensibilità dolorifica trigeminale e studiato gli effetti modulatori a livello biochimico-molecolare in specifiche aree cerebrali. In particolare, abbiamo effettuato l’analisi dell’espressione proteica e genica del fattore di trascrizione c-FOS in specifiche aree cerebrali e determinato i livelli di mRNA dei geni Calca e nNos in aree centrali e periferiche, codificanti per Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) e neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS), noti mediatori di sensibilizzazione centrale.
Effetti anti-iperalgesici del pretrattamento con l’inibitore della Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) URB597 in un modello animale di emicrania.
TONSI, GERMANA
2016/2017
Abstract
Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent headaches and commonly accompanied by nausea, photophobia and phonophobia. Experimental evidence suggests an important role for endocannabinoids in pain modulation, including migraine. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms and possible side effects associated with the use of endocannabinoids as analgesics need further investigation. Inhibition of Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which is responsible for the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA), a lipid mediator involved in the modulation of pain, seems to be a good compromise between analgesic effects and reduction of side effects. We evaluated whether pretreatment with URB597, a central and peripheral FAAH inhibitor, alters nociceptive responses in the animal model of migraine based on nitroglycerin (NTG) administration, using the orofacial formalin test. Therefore, we evaluated trigeminal pain sensitivity and we studied the modulating effects at biochemical and molecular level in specific brain regions. Specifically, we evaluated the gene and protein expression of the transcriptional factor c-FOS in specific brain regions, and we evaluated the mRNA level of the genes Calca and nNos in central and peripheral areas, that encode Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) and neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (nNOS) respectively, known central sensitization mediators.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
Per maggiori informazioni e per verifiche sull'eventuale disponibilità del file scrivere a: unitesi@unipv.it.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/20878