My internship concerned the chromatographic resolution through HPLC of 23 chiral 2-arylbutylamine, sigma receptors modulators. The work consisted of two phases: analytical screening with different stationary and mobile phases and semi-preparative separation. The CSPs implemented in the analytical screening consisted of Chiralcel OJ-H, Chiralpak IC and Chiralpak IA. These columns discriminate the enantiomers exploiting a mechanism based on the formation of: inclusion complexes between the analyte and the cavity of CSP and diastereoisomeric complexes through establishment of at least three attractive interactions. IA and IC columns, that differ for the chiral selector (amylose 3,5- dimethylphenylcarbamate and cellulose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate), belong to the new generation’s columns, which are compatible with not conventional solvents. The three stationary phases were used in an analytical screening with different mobile phases in order to find the best conditions for the resolution of the enantiomers in a semipreparative scale. In light of the previous experiments on RC-33, was carried on a screening with the OJ-H column. The mobile phases were composed of either an alcoholic mixture only (MeOH, EtOH, IPA) in different percentage or an alcoholic/alkane mixture (Hept/IPA 90:10). With these conditions we only managed to resolve 9 compounds of 23, so we continued the screening with IA ad IC columns. The second screening that we conduced with the IC column was carried on with different mobile phases made up of only alcol or a mixture of Hept/Alcool (EtOH, MeOH, IPA in different percentages). With this screening we weren’t able to resolve all the compounds, so an analogue screening was developed with the Chiralpak IA. We notice a reduction of the retention times and an increase of selectivity and resolution. Most of the times the compounds were eluted in a short amount of time and with high resolution and enantioselectivity. These features are appropriate for the semipreparative scale up. To sum up: The chromatographic method exploiting OJ-H column with MeOH and EtOH (DEA 0,1%) as mobile phase allows the resolutions of nine compounds. Compounds containing the biphenyl moiety are usually well resolved. On the contrary, those with the naphtyl moiety are poorly separated. IA column gives the best results regarding the enantiomeric separation (twenty compounds separated) with high resolution and enantioselectivity and short retention times (TR<30min). The best separation was obtained with a mobile phase composed of 90:10 Hept/MeH + IPA (1/4 v/v). All unresolved compounds using this method were separated with an alcoholic mobile phase. Despite the negative results achieved with the IC column (nineteen compounds were separated but retention times were too high), with this we were able to resolve those compounds that previously coeluted in OJ-H and IA screening. The best mobile phases were Hept/IPA 90:10 and Hept/MeOH + IPA (1/4 v/v) 90:10. The previous screenings permitted the development of a scalable analytical method, in order to obtain in short times the two enantiomeric forms. Where it was possible, the elution with the alcoholic mixture is preferable to that consisting of Heptane, because of the enhanced solubility of the analytes. With this highly polar mobile phase we achieved the resolution of thirteen compounds with OJ-H and IA columns. The leftovers were separated with an alkane/alcohol mobile phase and IA or IC columns. The scalability of the method was evaluated through semipreparative separation of randomly chosen compounds.
La tesi ha riguardato la risoluzione cromatografica mediante HPLC di 23 2-arilbutanammine chirali, modulatori dei recettori sigma. Il lavoro si è articolato in due fasi: i) screening analitico con diverse fasi stazionarie chirali e fasi mobili; ii) separazione in scala semipreparativa. Lo screening analitico ha previsto l’uso delle colonne Chiralcel OJ-H, Chiralpak IC e Chiralpak IA. Le colonne Chiralpak o Chiralcel discriminano i due enantiomeri tramite un doppio meccanismo basato sulla formazione di: • complessi di inclusione tra gli analiti e le cavità della CSP • complessi diastereoisomerici tramite la formazione di almeno tre interazioni. Le colonne Chiralpak IA ed IC, che si distinguono per il selettore chirale (3,5-dimetilfenilcarbammato di amilosio e 3,5-diclorofenilcarbammato di cellulosa), sono colonne di nuova generazione per le quali è consentito anche l’impiego di solventi non convenzionali (diclorometano, cloroformio e THF). Le tre fasi stazionarie sono state utilizzate in uno screening analitico che ha previsto l’impiego di varie fasi mobili, in modo tale da poter individuare le condizioni più idonee alla risoluzione di ciascun enantiomero in scala semipreparativa. Sulla base di precedenti esperimenti riguardanti il composto RC-33, è stato effettuato un primo screening con la colonna Chiralcel OJ-H, eluendo con soli alcoli (MeOH, EtOH e IPA) in differenti percentuali o con una miscela alcano/alcol (Hept/IPA 90:10). Dei 23 composti studiati, soltanto nove sono stati ben risolti quindi lo screening è stato esteso alle colonne IC ed IA. Il secondo screening, eseguito con la colonna IC, ha previsto l’uso di singoli alcoli (MeOH ed EtOH) o miscele Hept/alcool (EtOH, MeOH, IPA in differenti percentuali) ed ha portato a dei risultati soddisfacenti soltanto per alcuni composti, non garantendo la risoluzione di tutti gli enantiomeri. Analogo screening è stato effettuato con la colonna IA, che ha mostrato una diminuzione dei tR ed un aumento di α e Rs, rendono i metodi idonei allo scale-up in scala (semi)preparativa. Riassumendo: • Le analisi svolte con la colonna OJ-H e con MeOH o EtOH (DEA 0,1%) come eluenti hanno consentito la risoluzione di 9 composti, la maggior parte dei quali caratterizzati dalla porzione bifenilica. • La colonna IA ha fornito i risultati migliori consentendo la separazione di 20 composti e dando un’elevata α, una buona Rs e dei tempi di ritenzione bassi (TR<30min) permettendo sempre una separazione adeguata a poter procedere con un’analisi semipreparativa. Il miglior risultato è stato ottenuto con la FM Hept/MeOH+IPA (¼ v/v) 90:10 e tutti i composti non risolti con tale fase risultavano poi essere risolti con fase mobile totalmente alcolica. • La colonna IC, pur non avendo fornito dei risultati particolarmente incoraggianti (19 composti risolti ma con tR troppo lunghi), ha permesso la risoluzione di tutti i composti non risolti con OJ-H ed IA. Le fasi mobili migliori sono risultate le miscele 90:10 Hept/IPA ed Hept/MeOH + IPA (1/4 v/v). Lo screening effettuato ha consentito l’individuazione di metodi analitici facilmente scalabili, utili per l’ottenimento in tempi brevi di composti oggetto di studio in forma enantiomericamente pura. È da sottolineare che l’eluizione con soli alcoli, laddove possibile, è preferibile a quella con eptano, in quanto la solubilità dei composti risulta essere maggiore. È stato possibile separare tramite fase unicamente alcolica tredici composti con le colonne OJ-H ed IA, i restanti sono stati risolti soltanto con una miscela alcano/alcool e colonne IA o IC. È stata effettuata, impiegando colonne semipreparative, la separazione di alcuni composti, scelti “a campione” al fine di verificare la “scalabilità” del metodo.
Nuovi modulatori di recettori sigma-1 a struttura arilbutanamminica. Sviluppo di metodi di risoluzione chirale HPLC idonei allo scale-up (semi)-preparativo.
CULANTI INDIANO, MICHELA
2014/2015
Abstract
My internship concerned the chromatographic resolution through HPLC of 23 chiral 2-arylbutylamine, sigma receptors modulators. The work consisted of two phases: analytical screening with different stationary and mobile phases and semi-preparative separation. The CSPs implemented in the analytical screening consisted of Chiralcel OJ-H, Chiralpak IC and Chiralpak IA. These columns discriminate the enantiomers exploiting a mechanism based on the formation of: inclusion complexes between the analyte and the cavity of CSP and diastereoisomeric complexes through establishment of at least three attractive interactions. IA and IC columns, that differ for the chiral selector (amylose 3,5- dimethylphenylcarbamate and cellulose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate), belong to the new generation’s columns, which are compatible with not conventional solvents. The three stationary phases were used in an analytical screening with different mobile phases in order to find the best conditions for the resolution of the enantiomers in a semipreparative scale. In light of the previous experiments on RC-33, was carried on a screening with the OJ-H column. The mobile phases were composed of either an alcoholic mixture only (MeOH, EtOH, IPA) in different percentage or an alcoholic/alkane mixture (Hept/IPA 90:10). With these conditions we only managed to resolve 9 compounds of 23, so we continued the screening with IA ad IC columns. The second screening that we conduced with the IC column was carried on with different mobile phases made up of only alcol or a mixture of Hept/Alcool (EtOH, MeOH, IPA in different percentages). With this screening we weren’t able to resolve all the compounds, so an analogue screening was developed with the Chiralpak IA. We notice a reduction of the retention times and an increase of selectivity and resolution. Most of the times the compounds were eluted in a short amount of time and with high resolution and enantioselectivity. These features are appropriate for the semipreparative scale up. To sum up: The chromatographic method exploiting OJ-H column with MeOH and EtOH (DEA 0,1%) as mobile phase allows the resolutions of nine compounds. Compounds containing the biphenyl moiety are usually well resolved. On the contrary, those with the naphtyl moiety are poorly separated. IA column gives the best results regarding the enantiomeric separation (twenty compounds separated) with high resolution and enantioselectivity and short retention times (TR<30min). The best separation was obtained with a mobile phase composed of 90:10 Hept/MeH + IPA (1/4 v/v). All unresolved compounds using this method were separated with an alcoholic mobile phase. Despite the negative results achieved with the IC column (nineteen compounds were separated but retention times were too high), with this we were able to resolve those compounds that previously coeluted in OJ-H and IA screening. The best mobile phases were Hept/IPA 90:10 and Hept/MeOH + IPA (1/4 v/v) 90:10. The previous screenings permitted the development of a scalable analytical method, in order to obtain in short times the two enantiomeric forms. Where it was possible, the elution with the alcoholic mixture is preferable to that consisting of Heptane, because of the enhanced solubility of the analytes. With this highly polar mobile phase we achieved the resolution of thirteen compounds with OJ-H and IA columns. The leftovers were separated with an alkane/alcohol mobile phase and IA or IC columns. The scalability of the method was evaluated through semipreparative separation of randomly chosen compounds.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/21278