The Harpagophytum procumbens, or Devil's claw, is a plant which grows in South Africa, between Namibia and Botswana. Belonging to the class of Pediliacee, it is used in Europe for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis and low back pain, generally treated with anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) that often have adverse reactions. The Harpagophytum procumbens can be used as decoction, infusion, tincture or dry extract, not only for arthritis and pain, but also in case of dyspepsia, fever, urinary tract infections, post-partum pain and ulcers. The aim of this work is to carry out an analisys of the chemical and clinical effects of the plant complex. Articles from the eighties to the present have been collected from databases such as Medline, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane Collaboration Library. The 12 most relevant studies highlight the analgesic, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-epileptic, anti-microbial and anti-malarial activity of the plant. These effects are due to the presence of iridoid and phenilpropanolic glucosides (such as harpagoside and harpagide), very common in nature and known for their anti-inflammatory properties, and on which has been focused the attention of the chemical research. It has been shown that the hydrolyzed products of harpagoside and harpagide have an higher anti-inflammatory activity, compared to the unhydrolysed compounds, thanks to the inhibition of induction of lipopolysaccharide L929 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), through suppression of kappaB factor (NF-KB). To date, the mechanism of action is still not well defined, and some authors suggest that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity can be caused by a different mechanism than that of the common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Therefore, it seems that the clinical use of Arpagophytum is not complicated by the typical gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDs, on the contrary, it can be successfully used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Studies carried out by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) and high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS) showed an harpagoside amount between 0.17 and 4.37% in H. procumbens. Stronger efficacy resulted for the use of aqueous extract than the ethanol one. 60% of patients undergoing treatment had significant reduction of pain and stiffness, with a marked improvement in quality of life. The Harpagophytum is therefore a serious and well-tolerated treatment option for moderate rheumatic degeneration. The stronger demand for health products made of this plant recently led to over-harvesting, raising concerns about sustainability: that’s why new experimental methods for intensive cultivation have to be studied.
L’Harpagophytum procumbens, o Artiglio del diavolo, è una pianta che cresce in sud Africa tra Namibia e Botswana. Appartenente alla classe delle Pediliacee, viene impiegata in Europa per il trattamento di patologie infiammatorie quali l’osteoartrite ed il low back pain caratterizzati da dolori generalmente trattati con farmaci anti-infiammatori (NSAIDS) che però spesso presentano reazioni avverse ben documentate in letteratura. L’Harpagophytum procumbens può essere impiegato in forma di decotto, infuso, tintura o estratto a secco, non solo per artrite e dolore, ma anche in caso di dispepsia, febbre, infezioni urinarie, dolore post-partum ed ulcere. Obiettivo del presente lavoro è quello di effettuare un’analisi delle attività chimica e clinica del fitocomplesso, pertanto sono state raccolte le pubblicazioni presenti nei database quali medline, embase, pubmed e cochrane collaboration library dagli anni ottanta ad oggi. I 12 studi più rilevanti mettono in evidenza l’effetto analgesico, anti-ossidante, anti-diabetico, anti-epilettico, anti-microbico e attività anti-malarica. Questi effetti sono dovuti alla presenza di glucosidi iridoidi e fenilpropanolici (come arpagoside e arpagide) molto comuni in natura e conosciuti per la loro proprietà anti-infiammatoria, e su cui è stata focalizzata l’attenzione della ricerca chimica. È stato dimostrato che i prodotti idrolizzati di arpagoside ed arpagide hanno una maggiore attività anti-infiammatoria rispetto ai composti non idrolizzati, grazie all’inibizione dell’induzione del lipopolisaccaride L929 e della ciclo-ossigenasi-2 (COX-2), tramite soppressione del fattore kappaB (NF-KB). Ad oggi il meccanismo d’azione non è ancora ben definito, e alcuni autori ipotizzano che l’attività analgesica ed antinfiammatoria si verifichi attraverso un meccanismo differente rispetto a quello dei comuni farmaci antinfiammatori non steroidei (FANS). Da ciò sembrerebbe di poter dedurre che l’impiego clinico dell’Arpagophytum non è complicato dagli effetti collaterali gastrointestinali tipici dei FANS ma al contrario, possa essere utilizzato con successo anche nel trattamento dei disturbi gastrointestinali. Studi effettuati tramite risonanza magnetica nucleare protonica (H-NMR) e cromatografia liquida ad altissime prestazioni con spettrometro di massa (UHPLC-MS) hanno evidenziato una quantità di arpagoside compresa tra 0,17 e 4,37 % nell’H. procumbens. Riguardo l’efficacia è risultata maggiore per l’estratto acquoso rispetto a quello etanolico. I pazienti sottoposti a trattamento hanno avuto nel 60% dei casi una significativa riduzione del dolore e della rigidità, con un deciso miglioramento della qualità di vita. L’Harpagophytum risulta quindi una seria e ben tollerata opzione di trattamento di degenerazioni reumatiche moderate. La forte domanda di prodotti per la salute a base di questa pianta ha portato negli ultimi anni ad un eccesso di raccolta, sollevando preoccupazione per la sostenibilità, per questo si stanno studiando dei nuovi metodi sperimentali per la coltivazione intensiva.
CHIMICA E CLINICA DELL’HARPAGOPHYTUM PROCUMBENS IN OSTEOARTRITE E LOW BACK PAIN.
SANTAGOSTINO BALDI, FEDERICO
2015/2016
Abstract
The Harpagophytum procumbens, or Devil's claw, is a plant which grows in South Africa, between Namibia and Botswana. Belonging to the class of Pediliacee, it is used in Europe for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as osteoarthritis and low back pain, generally treated with anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) that often have adverse reactions. The Harpagophytum procumbens can be used as decoction, infusion, tincture or dry extract, not only for arthritis and pain, but also in case of dyspepsia, fever, urinary tract infections, post-partum pain and ulcers. The aim of this work is to carry out an analisys of the chemical and clinical effects of the plant complex. Articles from the eighties to the present have been collected from databases such as Medline, Embase, Pubmed and Cochrane Collaboration Library. The 12 most relevant studies highlight the analgesic, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-epileptic, anti-microbial and anti-malarial activity of the plant. These effects are due to the presence of iridoid and phenilpropanolic glucosides (such as harpagoside and harpagide), very common in nature and known for their anti-inflammatory properties, and on which has been focused the attention of the chemical research. It has been shown that the hydrolyzed products of harpagoside and harpagide have an higher anti-inflammatory activity, compared to the unhydrolysed compounds, thanks to the inhibition of induction of lipopolysaccharide L929 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), through suppression of kappaB factor (NF-KB). To date, the mechanism of action is still not well defined, and some authors suggest that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity can be caused by a different mechanism than that of the common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Therefore, it seems that the clinical use of Arpagophytum is not complicated by the typical gastrointestinal side effects of NSAIDs, on the contrary, it can be successfully used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Studies carried out by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR) and high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometer (UHPLC-MS) showed an harpagoside amount between 0.17 and 4.37% in H. procumbens. Stronger efficacy resulted for the use of aqueous extract than the ethanol one. 60% of patients undergoing treatment had significant reduction of pain and stiffness, with a marked improvement in quality of life. The Harpagophytum is therefore a serious and well-tolerated treatment option for moderate rheumatic degeneration. The stronger demand for health products made of this plant recently led to over-harvesting, raising concerns about sustainability: that’s why new experimental methods for intensive cultivation have to be studied.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/21662