Background Anaemia is the most common complication as well as an extra-intestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Most cases of anaemia in IBD are due to iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and to anaemia of chronic disease (ACD). Guidelines concerning the diagnosis and treatment of anaemia in IBD have been published by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO). Although these diagnostic criteria are simple and iron supplementation represents a usually effective treatment, anaemia is still often underdiagnosed and not properly treated. Indeed, many physicians believe wrongly that mild to moderate anaemia may not have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life or do not represent the main clinical problem of the patient. Objectives The study “Clinical burden of anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease: Role of Iron Deficiency And iron Replacement Therapy (RIDART I)” is an observational, multi-centre study, promoted by the Italian Group for the study of inflammatory bowel disease (IG-IBD) whose aim is to define the prevalence and to investigate the pathogenesis of anaemia in an unselected population of Italian patients with IBD. Other goals of the study are to verify the adherence to ECCO guidelines and to measure the influence of anaemia on fatigue and quality of life among IBD patients. Methods 3784 unselected Italian patients with IBD were included. All anaemic patients recruited in the study underwent screening to investigate the mechanism of anaemia, and follow-up evaluation was performed at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 24. At follow-up, information about the treatment of anaemia, fatigue and quality of life must be collected together with clinical and hematochemical data. Here we showed preliminary results describing the main features of IBD patients with anaemia in terms of demography, disease activity, anaemia pathogenesis and severity two years after starting the study. Results Of the 3748 IBD patients included, 443 (11.7%) had anaemia. A higher prevalence of Crohn’s disease (CD) was observed in the anaemic group (56.4%), while its prevalence in the non-anaemic one was 37.96%. A higher proportion of females was identified in the anaemic group (51%) compared with the non-anaemic one (42.6%). In most cases (84%) anaemia was mild (Hb≥9.5 g/dl), and only 2.5% of patients had severe anaemia (Hb<8.0 g/dl). Hb was lower in patients with active disease and correlated significantly with iron status markers, with perception of a reduced quality of life, with CDAI (Crohn’s Disease Activity Index) in Crohn’s disease and CAI (Clinical Activity Index) in ulcerative colitis. An isolated iron deficiency was responsible for 45% of anaemic cases, the remaining cases being due to anaemia of chronic disease (6%), vitamin deficiencies (2.5%) and various combinations of iron and/or vitamin deficiencies and inflammation (26%). Conclusion The lower prevalence of anaemia in RIDART I (11,7%) in comparison to that reported in previous studies (> 25%) may be due to the fact that, in recent years, more attention is paid to anaemia in patients with IBD and both anaemia and IBD are more effectively treated than in the past. The complex pathogenesis of the anaemia in IBD, in which iron deficiency anaemia plays the main role, and its influence on quality of life in IBD patients show how the adherence to ECCO guidelines is necessary in order to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic work-up of anaemia in IBD and, then, a better outcome. In addition, being Hb higher in patients with active disease, it is very important to control the activity of disease in order to prevent occurrence and/or worsening of anaemia. Caution, however, must be used in the interpretation of the present data since the RIDART I study is still under way and some correlations are significant, but weak
Introduzione La più comune complicanza e manifestazione extraintestinale nelle Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali (IBD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease) è l’anemia. In prevalenza essa è dovuta a carenza di ferro (IDA, Iron Deficiency Anemia) e all’anemia da malattia cronica (ACD, Anemia of Chronic Disease). L’Organizzazione Europea della Colite ulcerosa e della malattia di Crohn (ECCO) ha pubblicato le linee guida per la diagnosi e la terapia dell’anemia nelle IBD. Sebbene i criteri diagnostici siano semplici e la supplementazione marziale rappresenti una terapia efficace, l’anemia nelle IBD è spesso ancora sottodiagnosticata e non adeguatamente trattata. Infatti, molti clinici ritengono che un’anemia lieve-moderata non abbia un significativo impatto sulla qualità della vita o che essa non sia il problema clinico principale del paziente. Obiettivi Lo studio “Clinical Burden of Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Role of Iron Deficiency And iron Replacement Therapy (RIDART I) ” promosso dalla IG-IBD (Italian Group for the study of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease) è uno studio multicentrico e osservazionale il cui obiettivo è definire la prevalenza e la patogenesi dell’anemia in una popolazione non selezionata di pazienti italiani affetti da IBD. Altri scopi sono la verifica dell’aderenza alle linee guida ECCO e la valutazione dell’influenza dell’anemia sull’astenia e sulla qualità della vita. Metodi 3784 pazienti italiani con IBD sono stati registrati. I soggetti anemici arruolati nello studio sono stati sottoposti ad uno screening per indagare la patogenesi dell’anemia, mentre le visite di follow-up sono state eseguite a 4, 8, 12 e 24 settimane. In occasione del follow-up bisogna raccogliere dati clinici ed ematochimici e informazioni sul trattamento dell’anemia, sull’astenia e sulla qualità della vita. In questa tesi si mostrano, a 2 anni dall’inizio dello studio, dei dati preliminari che descrivono il gruppo dei pazienti anemici con IBD in termini demografici, di attività di malattia, di patogenesi e severità dell’anemia. Risultati Dei 3784 pazienti con IBD registrati, 443 (11,7%) erano anemici. La prevalenza della malattia di Crohn era più elevata nella popolazione anemica (56,4%) che in quella non anemica (37,96%). Tra gli anemici si individuava una percentuale più elevata di femmine (51%), se confrontata con quella nei non anemici (42,6%). Molto spesso (84%) l’anemia era lieve (Hb≥9,5 g/dl), più rare (2,5%) le forme severe (Hb<8 g/dl). L’Hb risultava minore nei pazienti con malattia attiva e correlava con gli indici dello stato del ferro, con la riduzione della qualità della vita e con gli scores clinici CDAI (Crohn’s Disease Activity Index) e CAI (Clinical Activity Index). Un’isolata carenza di ferro era causa del 45% dei casi di anemia, mentre gli altri erano dovuti ad ACD (6%), a carenze vitaminiche (2,5%) e a varie combinazioni tra carenze di ferro e/o vitaminiche e flogosi (26%). Conclusioni La minore prevalenza dell’anemia in RIDART I (11,7%) se rapportata a quelle emerse da precedenti studi (> 25%) potrebbe essere legata alla maggiore attenzione rivolta, di recente, all’anemia nei soggetti con IBD e ad una più efficace terapia sia dell’anemia sia delle IBD rispetto al passato. La patogenesi complessa dell’anemia nelle IBD, in cui la IDA riveste un ruolo principale, e l’influenza dell’anemia sulla qualità della vita di questi pazienti mostrano come sia necessaria l’aderenza alle linee guida ECCO per un migliore work-up diagnostico-terapeutico dell’anemia nelle IBD. Inoltre, poiché l’Hb è minore nei soggetti con malattia attiva, è importante controllare l’attività di malattia per prevenire la comparsa e/o il peggioramento dell’anemia. Ad ogni modo, va usata cautela nell’interpretazione dei dati correnti essendo lo studio RIDART I ancora in corso ed essendo alcune correlazioni significative, ma di lieve entità.
PREVALENZA DELL’ANEMIA NELLE MALATTIE INFIAMMATORIE CRONICHE INTESTINALI: LO STUDIO PROSPETTICO OSSERVAZIONALE MULTICENTRICO RIDART I
ALFARONE, LUDOVICO
2017/2018
Abstract
Background Anaemia is the most common complication as well as an extra-intestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Most cases of anaemia in IBD are due to iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and to anaemia of chronic disease (ACD). Guidelines concerning the diagnosis and treatment of anaemia in IBD have been published by the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation (ECCO). Although these diagnostic criteria are simple and iron supplementation represents a usually effective treatment, anaemia is still often underdiagnosed and not properly treated. Indeed, many physicians believe wrongly that mild to moderate anaemia may not have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life or do not represent the main clinical problem of the patient. Objectives The study “Clinical burden of anaemia in inflammatory bowel disease: Role of Iron Deficiency And iron Replacement Therapy (RIDART I)” is an observational, multi-centre study, promoted by the Italian Group for the study of inflammatory bowel disease (IG-IBD) whose aim is to define the prevalence and to investigate the pathogenesis of anaemia in an unselected population of Italian patients with IBD. Other goals of the study are to verify the adherence to ECCO guidelines and to measure the influence of anaemia on fatigue and quality of life among IBD patients. Methods 3784 unselected Italian patients with IBD were included. All anaemic patients recruited in the study underwent screening to investigate the mechanism of anaemia, and follow-up evaluation was performed at weeks 4, 8, 12 and 24. At follow-up, information about the treatment of anaemia, fatigue and quality of life must be collected together with clinical and hematochemical data. Here we showed preliminary results describing the main features of IBD patients with anaemia in terms of demography, disease activity, anaemia pathogenesis and severity two years after starting the study. Results Of the 3748 IBD patients included, 443 (11.7%) had anaemia. A higher prevalence of Crohn’s disease (CD) was observed in the anaemic group (56.4%), while its prevalence in the non-anaemic one was 37.96%. A higher proportion of females was identified in the anaemic group (51%) compared with the non-anaemic one (42.6%). In most cases (84%) anaemia was mild (Hb≥9.5 g/dl), and only 2.5% of patients had severe anaemia (Hb<8.0 g/dl). Hb was lower in patients with active disease and correlated significantly with iron status markers, with perception of a reduced quality of life, with CDAI (Crohn’s Disease Activity Index) in Crohn’s disease and CAI (Clinical Activity Index) in ulcerative colitis. An isolated iron deficiency was responsible for 45% of anaemic cases, the remaining cases being due to anaemia of chronic disease (6%), vitamin deficiencies (2.5%) and various combinations of iron and/or vitamin deficiencies and inflammation (26%). Conclusion The lower prevalence of anaemia in RIDART I (11,7%) in comparison to that reported in previous studies (> 25%) may be due to the fact that, in recent years, more attention is paid to anaemia in patients with IBD and both anaemia and IBD are more effectively treated than in the past. The complex pathogenesis of the anaemia in IBD, in which iron deficiency anaemia plays the main role, and its influence on quality of life in IBD patients show how the adherence to ECCO guidelines is necessary in order to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic work-up of anaemia in IBD and, then, a better outcome. In addition, being Hb higher in patients with active disease, it is very important to control the activity of disease in order to prevent occurrence and/or worsening of anaemia. Caution, however, must be used in the interpretation of the present data since the RIDART I study is still under way and some correlations are significant, but weakÈ consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/21857