The adenosine monophosphate analogue 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) is a cell-permeable nucleoside first used in the 1980s to preserve blood flow to the heart during surgery in animal models. Subsequently, AICAR has received considerable attention in doping control due to assumed performance-enhancing properties. Nowadays AICAR owing to its more recently discovered anti-cancer properties is the object of several in vitro and in vivo studies addressing its role in human cancer. With specific regard to thyroid cancer, it is known that AICAR is able to reduce cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis. CXCL8 is a CXC chemokine abundantly secreted in thyroid cancer microenvironment, with several recognized tumorigenic effects in different type of cancer including the thyroid one. Indeed, CXCL8 facilitates several cancer-progression events including cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis. The secretion of CXCL8 was lowered/targeted using different compounds ranging from neutralizing antibodies to pharmacological substances. The aim of this study was to investigate if AICAR could inhibit the basal and the TNFα-induced CXCL8 secretion in normal human thyrocytes (NHT) and in thyroid cancer cell lines TPC-1 and BCPAP (harboring RET/PTC rearrangement and BRAFV600e mutation, respectively). The effect of AICAR on basal and CXCL8-induced cell migration was tested by using transwell migration chamber system. Briefly cells were incubated for 24 hours with medium alone or with medium supplemented with AICAR 2mM, and with rh-CXCL8 (50ng/ml) alone or in combination with AICAR 2 mM. To assess if AICAR could inhibit CXCL8 secretion, cells were seeded in a 96 well plate at a concentration of 3000 cell/well, and after adherence, cells were incubated with AICAR (0.05, 0.5, 1, 2 mM) alone or in combination with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) for 24 h. CXCL8 concentrations were measured in cell culture supernatants by ELISA with a commercial kit. The results showed that AICAR dose dependently inhibited the basal secretion of CXCL8 in TPC-1 (F = 4.26; p < 0.007) and BCPAP (F = 6.75; p < 0.0001) but not in NHT. TNFα-induced CXCL8 secretion was dose dependently reduced by AICAR in NHT (F = 9.99; p < 0.0001), TPC-1 (F = 9.25; p < 0.0001) and BCPAP (F = 6.82; p < 0.0001). AICAR significantly reduced the basal migration of TPC-1 and BCPAP but not of NHT. In conclusion, CXCL8-induced cell migration was inhibited in NHT, TPC-1 and BCPAP. This is the first demonstration of the inhibition of CXCL8 secretion exerted by AICAR in TPC-1 and BCPAP indicating that the anti-cancer properties of AICAR are, at least in part, mediated by its ability to reduce the pro-tumorigenic effects of CXCL8.
Il farmaco 5-aminoimmidazolo-4-carbossamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) è stato utilizzato per la prima volta negli anni '80 per preservare il flusso di sangue al cuore durante interventi chirurgici su modelli animali. Successivamente, AICAR ha ricevuto notevole attenzione per quanto riguarda il controllo antidoping a causa delle presunte proprietà di miglioramento delle prestazioni degli atleti che assumevano il farmaco. Recentemente sono state rese note diverse proprietà anti-tumorali di AICAR, il quale è diventato oggetto di numerosi studi in vitro e in vivo che affrontano il suo ruolo nella terapia del tumore umano. CXCL8 è una chemochina CXC abbondantemente secreta nel microambiente del tumore della tiroide. CXCL8 è caratterizzata da diversi effetti pro-tumorigenici resi noti in vari tipi di cancro, incluso quello tiroideo. Infatti, CXCL8 facilita diversi eventi di progressione del tumore tra cui la crescita delle cellule tumorali, l'invasione e la metastatizzazione. Numerosi studi in vitro hanno tentato di ridurre la secrezione di CXCL8 utilizzando vari composti tra cui anticorpi neutralizzanti e diverse sostanze farmacologiche. Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di valutare se AICAR è in grado di inibire la secrezione di CXCL8 basale e indotta da TNFα in cellule tiroidee umane (NHT) e in linee cellulari di tumore tiroideo TPC-1 e BCPAP (rispettivamente con riarrangiamento RET / PTC e mutazione BRAFV600e). Inoltre l’effetto di AICAR sulla migrazione cellulare spontanea e indotta da CXCL8 è stato analizzato. L'effetto di AICAR sulla migrazione cellulare basale e CXCL8-indotta è stato valutato mediante l’utilizzo di piastre per la migrazione cellulare. Le cellule sono state incubate per 24 ore con il solo terreno o con terreno integrato con AICAR 2mM, e con rh-CXCL8 (50 ng / ml) da sola o in combinazione con AICAR 2 mM. Per valutare se AICAR fosse in grado di inibire la secrezione di CXCL8, le cellule sono state seminate in piastre a 96 pozzetti a una concentrazione di 3000 cellule / pozzetto e incubate con AICAR (0,05, 0,5, 1, 2 mM) da solo o in combinazione con TNFα (10 ng / ml) per 24 ore. Le concentrazioni di CXCL8 sono state misurate nei supernatanti delle colture cellulari mediante metodica ELISA (con un kit commerciale). I risultati hanno dimostrato che AICAR ha inibito in modo dose-dipendente la secrezione basale di CXCL8 nelle cellule TPC-1 (F = 4,26; p <0,007) e BCPAP (F = 6,75; p <0,0001) ma non nelle NHT. La secrezione di CXCL8 indotta da TNFα è stata ridotta in modo dose-dipendente da AICAR nelle NHT (F = 9,99; p <0,0001), TPC-1 (F = 9,25; p <0,0001) e BCPAP (F = 6,82; p <0,0001). AICAR ha ridotto significativamente la migrazione basale di TPC-1 e BCPAP ma non delle NHT. In conclusione, la migrazione cellulare indotta da CXCL8 è stata inibita in NHT, TPC-1 e BCPAP. Questa è la prima dimostrazione della inibizione della secrezione di CXCL8 esercitata da AICAR in TPC-1 e BCPAP. Ciò indica che le proprietà anti-tumorali di AICAR sono, almeno in parte, mediate dalla sua capacità di ridurre gli effetti pro-tumorigenici di CXCL8.
Effetti del farmaco AICAR nel tumore della tiroide: modulazione della secrezione della chemochina CXCL8 e della migrazione cellulare CXCL8-indotta
MASSARA, SIMONE
2017/2018
Abstract
The adenosine monophosphate analogue 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) is a cell-permeable nucleoside first used in the 1980s to preserve blood flow to the heart during surgery in animal models. Subsequently, AICAR has received considerable attention in doping control due to assumed performance-enhancing properties. Nowadays AICAR owing to its more recently discovered anti-cancer properties is the object of several in vitro and in vivo studies addressing its role in human cancer. With specific regard to thyroid cancer, it is known that AICAR is able to reduce cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis. CXCL8 is a CXC chemokine abundantly secreted in thyroid cancer microenvironment, with several recognized tumorigenic effects in different type of cancer including the thyroid one. Indeed, CXCL8 facilitates several cancer-progression events including cancer cell growth, invasion and metastasis. The secretion of CXCL8 was lowered/targeted using different compounds ranging from neutralizing antibodies to pharmacological substances. The aim of this study was to investigate if AICAR could inhibit the basal and the TNFα-induced CXCL8 secretion in normal human thyrocytes (NHT) and in thyroid cancer cell lines TPC-1 and BCPAP (harboring RET/PTC rearrangement and BRAFV600e mutation, respectively). The effect of AICAR on basal and CXCL8-induced cell migration was tested by using transwell migration chamber system. Briefly cells were incubated for 24 hours with medium alone or with medium supplemented with AICAR 2mM, and with rh-CXCL8 (50ng/ml) alone or in combination with AICAR 2 mM. To assess if AICAR could inhibit CXCL8 secretion, cells were seeded in a 96 well plate at a concentration of 3000 cell/well, and after adherence, cells were incubated with AICAR (0.05, 0.5, 1, 2 mM) alone or in combination with TNF-α (10 ng/ml) for 24 h. CXCL8 concentrations were measured in cell culture supernatants by ELISA with a commercial kit. The results showed that AICAR dose dependently inhibited the basal secretion of CXCL8 in TPC-1 (F = 4.26; p < 0.007) and BCPAP (F = 6.75; p < 0.0001) but not in NHT. TNFα-induced CXCL8 secretion was dose dependently reduced by AICAR in NHT (F = 9.99; p < 0.0001), TPC-1 (F = 9.25; p < 0.0001) and BCPAP (F = 6.82; p < 0.0001). AICAR significantly reduced the basal migration of TPC-1 and BCPAP but not of NHT. In conclusion, CXCL8-induced cell migration was inhibited in NHT, TPC-1 and BCPAP. This is the first demonstration of the inhibition of CXCL8 secretion exerted by AICAR in TPC-1 and BCPAP indicating that the anti-cancer properties of AICAR are, at least in part, mediated by its ability to reduce the pro-tumorigenic effects of CXCL8.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/22023