An analytical method has been developed for multiclass determination of steroid hormones (progestins, estrogens, androgens and glucocorticoids) in human plasma. The method involved a pretreatment of the sample, based on solid phase extraction (SPE) using a carbon-based sorbent, obtained by pyrolysis of commercial humic acids (10% by weight) on micrometric silica (HA-C @ Silica). The first part of the work was carried out on simulated plasma, using bovine serum albumine solutions (BSA 10 g/L) and involved a quantification by HPLC-UV (225 and 242 nm). These preliminary tests were performed on progesterone, 17β-oestradiol, testosterone and cortisone, selected as representative steroids of the four classes of hormones (2 mg/L of each analyte). The results indicated complete adsorption and elution (using 2 mL of MeOH), with recoveries in the range 84-100%. The SPE conditions have been optimized with a chemometric approach (Experimental Design) and then applied for lower concentration SPE tests (0.2 mg/L). In these trials we observed an incomplete desorption of progesterone, while quantitative recoveries for the other analytes. After various tests, it was shown that is necessary an elution with 2 ml of MeOH-ACN mixture (1: 1) for a complete desorption of all the hormones (recovery from 92% to 104%). The procedure is therefore extended to the other analytes, always obtaining quantitative recoveries. Furthermore, we tried to improve the clean-up and to remove the small fraction of retained protein, not excluded from the adsorbent phase, to avoid interference problems in the chromatographic analysis. After several tests it was noted that a wash with 2 mL of 2% formic acid followed by 2 mL of 30% MeOH is able to eliminate four times more proteins compared to old washes, with 5 mL of buffer followed by 5 mL of three-distilled water. At this point, recovery tests were performed on real human plasma (enriched with 2 mg/L and subsequently diluted 1: 8), with quantification in HPLC-UV. Finally, low concentration recovery tests (15 µg/L) were carried out on 10 g/L BSA solutions, in order to apply the method for the analysis of unknown plasma samples, in which the concentrations of the hormones are in the order of µg/dL. The quantification is done in HPLC-ESI-MS / MS. The results obtained are quantitative for all the analytes (recoveries in the range 70-104%), except for the progesterone, which needs a second elution with other 0.5 mL of MeOH-ACN mixture to be completely desorbed. Thanks to the high percentage of exclusion of the absorbent and the additional clean-up allowed by the washing step, the method avoids centrifugation and protein precipitation, which are often necessary before extraction/clean-up and basing on these results it is expected to be a useful tool for routine biomedical analysis.
È stato sviluppato un nuovo metodo analitico per la determinazione multiclasse degli ormoni steroidei (progestinici, estrogeni, androgeni e glucocorticoidi) nel plasma umano. Il metodo prevedeva il pretrattamento del campione tramite estrazione in fase solida (SPE), utilizzando una fase adsorbente a base di carbonio, ottenuto mediante pirolisi di acidi umici (10% in peso) su silice micrometrica (HA-C@Silica). La prima parte del lavoro è stata condotta su un plasma simulato, usando soluzioni di albumina di siero bovino (BSA 10 g/L), eseguendo la quantificazione in HPLC-UV (225 e 242 nm). Questi test preliminari sono stati eseguiti su progesterone, 17β-estradiolo, testosterone e cortisone, selezionati come rappresentativi delle quattro classi di ormoni (2 mg/L di ciascun analita). I risultati hanno indicato adsorbimento ed eluizione completi (utilizzando 2 mL di MeOH), con recuperi nell'intervallo 84-100%. La procedura SPE è stata poi ottimizzata tramite approccio chemiometrico (Experimental Design) e successivamente applicata a prove di recupero a concentrazione più bassa (0,2 mg/L). In questi studi abbiamo osservato un desorbimento incompleto del progesterone, mentre recuperi quantitativi per gli altri analiti. Dopo svariate prove, è stato dimostrato che, per un completo desorbimento degli ormoni, è necessario eluire con 2 ml di miscela MeOH-ACN (1: 1) (recuperi dal 92% al 104%). La procedura viene quindi estesa agli altri analiti, ottenendo sempre recuperi quantitativi. Inoltre, abbiamo cercato di migliorare il clean-up e di rimuovere la piccola frazione di proteina rimasta, non esclusa dal materiale, per evitare problemi di interferenza nell'analisi cromatografica. Dopo diverse prove è stato notato che un lavaggio con 2 ml di acido formico al 2% seguito da 2 ml di MeOH al 30% si è in grado di eliminare le proteine quattro volte in più rispetto ai vecchi lavaggi, con 5 ml di tampone seguito da 5 ml di acqua tridistillata. A questo punto, sono stati eseguiti test di recupero su plasma umano reale (arricchito con 2 mg/L e successivamente diluito 1: 8), con quantificazione in HPLC-UV. Infine, sono stati effettuati test di recupero a bassa concentrazione (15 µg/L) su soluzioni BSA da 10 g/L, al fine di poter applicare il metodo per l'analisi di campioni di plasma incogniti, in cui le concentrazioni degli ormoni sono dell'ordine di µg/dL. La quantificazione viene eseguita in HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. I risultati ottenuti sono quantitativi per tutti gli analiti (recuperi nell'intervallo 70-104%), ad eccezione del progesterone, che necessita di una seconda eluizione con altri 0.5 mL di miscela MeOH-ACN per essere completamente desorbito. Grazie all'elevata percentuale di esclusione dell'assorbente e all'ulteriore pulizia consentita dalla fase di lavaggio, il metodo evita la centrifugazione e la precipitazione delle proteine, che sono spesso necessarie prima dell'estrazione/clean-up e sulla base di questi risultati dovrebbe essere uno strumento utile per l'analisi biomedica di routine.
Analisi cromatografica multiclasse di ormoni steroidei in matrici biologiche: preconcentrazione e clean-up su HA-C@silica
VILLANI, LUANA
2018/2019
Abstract
An analytical method has been developed for multiclass determination of steroid hormones (progestins, estrogens, androgens and glucocorticoids) in human plasma. The method involved a pretreatment of the sample, based on solid phase extraction (SPE) using a carbon-based sorbent, obtained by pyrolysis of commercial humic acids (10% by weight) on micrometric silica (HA-C @ Silica). The first part of the work was carried out on simulated plasma, using bovine serum albumine solutions (BSA 10 g/L) and involved a quantification by HPLC-UV (225 and 242 nm). These preliminary tests were performed on progesterone, 17β-oestradiol, testosterone and cortisone, selected as representative steroids of the four classes of hormones (2 mg/L of each analyte). The results indicated complete adsorption and elution (using 2 mL of MeOH), with recoveries in the range 84-100%. The SPE conditions have been optimized with a chemometric approach (Experimental Design) and then applied for lower concentration SPE tests (0.2 mg/L). In these trials we observed an incomplete desorption of progesterone, while quantitative recoveries for the other analytes. After various tests, it was shown that is necessary an elution with 2 ml of MeOH-ACN mixture (1: 1) for a complete desorption of all the hormones (recovery from 92% to 104%). The procedure is therefore extended to the other analytes, always obtaining quantitative recoveries. Furthermore, we tried to improve the clean-up and to remove the small fraction of retained protein, not excluded from the adsorbent phase, to avoid interference problems in the chromatographic analysis. After several tests it was noted that a wash with 2 mL of 2% formic acid followed by 2 mL of 30% MeOH is able to eliminate four times more proteins compared to old washes, with 5 mL of buffer followed by 5 mL of three-distilled water. At this point, recovery tests were performed on real human plasma (enriched with 2 mg/L and subsequently diluted 1: 8), with quantification in HPLC-UV. Finally, low concentration recovery tests (15 µg/L) were carried out on 10 g/L BSA solutions, in order to apply the method for the analysis of unknown plasma samples, in which the concentrations of the hormones are in the order of µg/dL. The quantification is done in HPLC-ESI-MS / MS. The results obtained are quantitative for all the analytes (recoveries in the range 70-104%), except for the progesterone, which needs a second elution with other 0.5 mL of MeOH-ACN mixture to be completely desorbed. Thanks to the high percentage of exclusion of the absorbent and the additional clean-up allowed by the washing step, the method avoids centrifugation and protein precipitation, which are often necessary before extraction/clean-up and basing on these results it is expected to be a useful tool for routine biomedical analysis.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
Per maggiori informazioni e per verifiche sull'eventuale disponibilità del file scrivere a: unitesi@unipv.it.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/22136