Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) consists of using a portable veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) device in adjuncts to standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Data show that extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is an emerging strategy to improve survival after refractory cardiac arrest both in-hospital and out-of-hospital. A detailed list of inclusion criteria had been defined and include: witnessed cardiac arrest, no-flow and low-flow time within established ranges, advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation with automatic compression device and quick start of the extracorporeal circulation. In December 2017 an intensivists’ working group revised management of refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (Timeline Protocol) to reduce to 45 minutes the time from cardiac arrest to arrival in the emergency department by advising the advanced rescue team to remain on-scene for no more than 15 minutes and thus allowing for an increased probability of meeting the 90 minutes cutoff from cardiac arrest to run ECMO. Patients with refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who underwent eCPR within the time frame from December 2015 until November 2017 (group 1) and from December 2017 until December 2019 (group 2) had been recruited and their rescue times and outcome analyzed (survival/exitus). It has been noticed that prehospital times of group 2, so after the medical personnel awareness-raising, have been considerably shortened (less than 40 minutes from cardiac arrest to hospital arrival) in stark contrast to group 1 (slightly above 1 hour) without reducing the number of patients who can benefit of this treatment. As far as survival, there had been no considerable improvements, although it should confirm that other factors in addition to the rescue times, most of which are still unknown, seem to play a decisive role. Instead, even if it is not the main goal, an increasing number of donors could be highlighted in second group. In this case, although further studies are needed, we can assume that the time shortening allowed an early start of the extracorporeal circulation thus an optimal perfusion and oxygenation of the organs.
Con il termine eCPR si intende l’utilizzo della circolazione extracorporea veno-arteriosa (VA-ECMO) in supporto alla rianimazione cardiopolmonare (CPR). I dati dimostrano come il supporto vitale extracorporeo (ECLS) sia una strategia emergente che migliora la percentuale di sopravvivenza degli arresti cardiaci refrattari alle tecniche di rianimazione convenzionali sia in ambiente intraospedaliero che extraospedaliero. Sono stati definiti criteri di inclusione dettagliati che includono: arresto cardiaco testimoniato, tempi di no-flow e low-flow entro limiti stabiliti, rianimazione cardiopolmonare avanzata con massaggiatore automatico esterno, rapido avvio della circolazione extracorporea. A dicembre 2017 un gruppo di lavoro composto da rianimatori ha rivisto la gestione degli arresti cardiaci extraospedalieri refrattari (Timeline protocol) con l’obiettivo di ridurre a 45 minuti il tempo dall’evento all’arrivo presso il dipartimento d’emergenza suggerendo di stare in posto non più di 15 minuti ed in tal modo cercando di rispettare il limite dei 90 minuti dall’arresto cardiaco all’avvio dell’ECMO. Sono stati reclutati i pazienti vittime di un arresto cardiaco extraospedaliero refrattario sottoposti ad eCPR rispettivamente da dicembre 2015 a novembre 2017 (gruppo 1) e da dicembre 2017 a dicembre 2019 (gruppo 2) e sono stati valutati i tempi di soccorso e l’esito (sopravvivenza/exitus). Si è notato come i tempi di soccorso del gruppo 2, cioè dopo la sensibilizzazione del personale medico, si siano notevolmente ridotti (meno di 40 minuti dall’arresto cardiaco all’arrivo in ospedale) rispetto al gruppo 1 (leggermente sopra l’ora) senza che diminuissero i beneficiari al trattamento. Per quanto riguarda la sopravvivenza non si registrano miglioramenti, il che confermerebbe come altri fattori oltre ai tempi di soccorso, molti dei quali ancora sconosciuti, giochino un ruolo determinante. Invece, anche se secondario, si può evidenziare un aumento del numero di donatori nel gruppo 2. In tal caso, anche se sono necessari ulteriori studi, possiamo assumere che l’accorciamento dei tempi abbia consentito un precoce avvio della circolazione extracorporea e quindi una perfusione ed ossigenazione degli organi ottimale.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: rescue time and survival analysis before and after the Timeline protocol
BALAGNA, PIETRO
2019/2020
Abstract
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR) consists of using a portable veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) device in adjuncts to standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Data show that extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is an emerging strategy to improve survival after refractory cardiac arrest both in-hospital and out-of-hospital. A detailed list of inclusion criteria had been defined and include: witnessed cardiac arrest, no-flow and low-flow time within established ranges, advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation with automatic compression device and quick start of the extracorporeal circulation. In December 2017 an intensivists’ working group revised management of refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (Timeline Protocol) to reduce to 45 minutes the time from cardiac arrest to arrival in the emergency department by advising the advanced rescue team to remain on-scene for no more than 15 minutes and thus allowing for an increased probability of meeting the 90 minutes cutoff from cardiac arrest to run ECMO. Patients with refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who underwent eCPR within the time frame from December 2015 until November 2017 (group 1) and from December 2017 until December 2019 (group 2) had been recruited and their rescue times and outcome analyzed (survival/exitus). It has been noticed that prehospital times of group 2, so after the medical personnel awareness-raising, have been considerably shortened (less than 40 minutes from cardiac arrest to hospital arrival) in stark contrast to group 1 (slightly above 1 hour) without reducing the number of patients who can benefit of this treatment. As far as survival, there had been no considerable improvements, although it should confirm that other factors in addition to the rescue times, most of which are still unknown, seem to play a decisive role. Instead, even if it is not the main goal, an increasing number of donors could be highlighted in second group. In this case, although further studies are needed, we can assume that the time shortening allowed an early start of the extracorporeal circulation thus an optimal perfusion and oxygenation of the organs.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/22246