In this thesis the preparation and the characterization of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(2-methyloxazoline) (PDMS-b-PMOXA) polymersomes (Ps) and acetalated dextran nanoparticles (Ac-DX NPs) were performed, in order to develop drug delivery nanosystems for future applications in wound healing. PDMS-b-PMOXA Ps were prepared by means of the film rehydration technique, while the Ac-DX NPs were fabricated using a single-emulsion oil/water (o/w) technique. The characterization of the polymeric NPs was carried out by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images in order to evaluate their morphology. Both types of particles were found to be spherical with a smooth surface. The size distribution and the dispersibility of the tested particle solutions were confirmed with the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. This method was also used to test the stability of the particles in buffer solutions; it allowed to highlight the stability of Ps and the tendency to the aggregation of the Ac-DX NPs. Furthermore, a cell viability assay was conducted on fibroblast cells in order to identify the particles with the best behaviour towards the cells. The cytotoxicity measurements were conducted at different particle concentrations and time points. The results showed that the Ac-DX NPs are safer than the PDMS-b-PMOXA Ps. Therefore, they were chosen to be assessed in the proliferation assay. The proliferation profile of the tested nanocarriers confirmed that Ac-DX polymer is able to enhance the cell proliferation, even more than the control (10% HIFBSDMEM). Subsequently, the developed Ac-DX NPs were assessed for their wound healing properties by means of an in vitro wound healing test. The microscope images clearly demonstrated a full closure of the fibroblast cells’ gap within 48 h when the cells were treated with the highest concentration of the NPs. In addition, the particles were loaded with drug compounds in order to obtain a drug delivery system for skin wounds. A model antibiotic drug, vancomycin (VCM), was encapsulated into Ps, while Ac-DX NPs were loaded with a combination of antioxidant drugs, resveratrol (RSV) and D,L α-tocopherol (α-TOH). The drug loading degree and drug release behaviour of these nanocarriers were also evaluated through the HPLC analysis. The results showed that the loading was successfully achieved, while the drug release needs to be still improved and clarified in the future. Overall, the results presented herein in this thesis show the successful preparation and loading of two polymeric nanocarriers for potential would healing applications. In particular, it was demonstrated that Ac-DX NPs are able to enhance the fibroblast’s proliferation with no significant cytotoxicity unlike the PDMS-b-PMOXA Ps which have been found to be quite toxic towards this cell line. Moreover, the results obtained from the wound healing assay suggest the potential of AC-DX NPs for a future development of a useful formulation in the treatment of non-healing wounds.
PREPARAZIONE E CARATTERIZZAZIONE DI NANOCARRIER POLIMERICI PER LA GUARIGIONE DI FERITE CUTANEE In questa tesi sono state realizzate la preparazione e la caratterizzazione di polimerosomi (Ps) di poli(dimetilsilossano)-poli(2-metilossazolin) (PDMS-b-PMOXA) e nanoparticelle di destrano acetalato (Ac-DX NPs), al fine di sviluppare nanosistemi per la somministrazione di farmaci per future applicazioni nel processo di guarigione di ferite cutanee. I PDMS-b-PMOXA Ps sono stati preparati tramite la tecnica di reidratazione del film polimerico, mentre le Ac-DX NPs sono state prodotte attraverso la tecnica di emulsionamento singolo olio/acqua. La caratterizzazione delle nanoparticelle polimeriche è stata condotta attraverso l’impiego di immagini del microscopio a trasmissione elettronica (TEM) allo scopo di valutare il loro aspetto morfologico. È stato possibile osservare che entrambi i tipi di particelle sono sferiche con una superficie liscia. La distribuzione dimensionale e l’omogeneità delle soluzioni particellari testate sono state confermate con la tecnica della diffusione dinamica della luce (DLS). Questo metodo è stato anche utilizzato per testare la stabilità delle particelle in soluzioni buffer: questo ha permesso di mettere in luce la stabilità dei Ps e la tendenza all’aggregazione che caratterizza le Ac-DX NPs. Inoltre, è stato eseguito un test di vitalità cellulare su fibroblasti al fine di identificare le particelle con il miglior comportamento nei confronti delle cellule. Le misurazioni di citotossicità sono state condotte con diverse concentrazioni particellari e a vari intervalli di tempo. I risultati hanno mostrato che le Ac-Dx NPs sono molto più sicure dei polimerosomi; di conseguenza le prime sono state scelte per saggiate nel test di proliferazione. Il profilo di proliferazione risultante ha confermato che il destrano acetilato è in grado di favorire la proliferazione cellulare, persino più del controllo utilizzato (10% HIFBS DMEM). Successivamente, sono state approfondite le proprietà di guarigione di ferite da parte delle Ac-DX NPs attraverso un test in vitro di wound healing. Le immagini del microscopio hanno mostrato chiaramente la completa chiusura del gap tra i fibroblasti entro 48 h nel caso in cui le cellule sono state trattate con la più alta concentrazione di NPs testate. Nel frattempo, i nanocarriers sono stati caricati con farmaci al fine di ottenere sistemi per la somministrazione di composti per ferite cutanee. Un antibiotico, la vancomicina, è stata incapsulata nei polimerosomi mentre le Ac-DX NPs sono state caricate con resveratrolo e D,L tocoferolo, due molecole antiossidanti in combinazione. Il grado di caricamento e il rilascio dei farmaci dai sistemi nanoparticellari è stato valutato tramite un analisi HPLC. I risultati hanno mostrato che il caricamento dei farmaci è stato conseguito con successo mentre per il rilascio dei farmaci sono necessari ulteriori studi e chiarimenti. In conclusione, i risultati qui presentati mostrano una preparazione e un caricamento dei nanocarriers polimerici eseguiti con successo. In particolare, è stato dimostrato che le Ac_DX NPs hanno la capacità di promuovere la proliferazione dei fibroblasti senza sviluppo di tossicità nei confronti delle cellule a differenza di quanto avviene per i Ps che sono risultati piuttosto tossici. Inoltre, i risultati ottenuti dal test di wound healing suggeriscono un potenziale e promettente impiego delle Ac-DX NPs per lo sviluppo futuro di una formulazione utile nel trattamento di ferite non guarite.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYMERIC NANOCARRIERS FOR WOUND HEALING APPLICATIONS
PAVESI, FEDERICA
2014/2015
Abstract
In this thesis the preparation and the characterization of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(2-methyloxazoline) (PDMS-b-PMOXA) polymersomes (Ps) and acetalated dextran nanoparticles (Ac-DX NPs) were performed, in order to develop drug delivery nanosystems for future applications in wound healing. PDMS-b-PMOXA Ps were prepared by means of the film rehydration technique, while the Ac-DX NPs were fabricated using a single-emulsion oil/water (o/w) technique. The characterization of the polymeric NPs was carried out by means of the transmission electron microscope (TEM) images in order to evaluate their morphology. Both types of particles were found to be spherical with a smooth surface. The size distribution and the dispersibility of the tested particle solutions were confirmed with the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. This method was also used to test the stability of the particles in buffer solutions; it allowed to highlight the stability of Ps and the tendency to the aggregation of the Ac-DX NPs. Furthermore, a cell viability assay was conducted on fibroblast cells in order to identify the particles with the best behaviour towards the cells. The cytotoxicity measurements were conducted at different particle concentrations and time points. The results showed that the Ac-DX NPs are safer than the PDMS-b-PMOXA Ps. Therefore, they were chosen to be assessed in the proliferation assay. The proliferation profile of the tested nanocarriers confirmed that Ac-DX polymer is able to enhance the cell proliferation, even more than the control (10% HIFBSDMEM). Subsequently, the developed Ac-DX NPs were assessed for their wound healing properties by means of an in vitro wound healing test. The microscope images clearly demonstrated a full closure of the fibroblast cells’ gap within 48 h when the cells were treated with the highest concentration of the NPs. In addition, the particles were loaded with drug compounds in order to obtain a drug delivery system for skin wounds. A model antibiotic drug, vancomycin (VCM), was encapsulated into Ps, while Ac-DX NPs were loaded with a combination of antioxidant drugs, resveratrol (RSV) and D,L α-tocopherol (α-TOH). The drug loading degree and drug release behaviour of these nanocarriers were also evaluated through the HPLC analysis. The results showed that the loading was successfully achieved, while the drug release needs to be still improved and clarified in the future. Overall, the results presented herein in this thesis show the successful preparation and loading of two polymeric nanocarriers for potential would healing applications. In particular, it was demonstrated that Ac-DX NPs are able to enhance the fibroblast’s proliferation with no significant cytotoxicity unlike the PDMS-b-PMOXA Ps which have been found to be quite toxic towards this cell line. Moreover, the results obtained from the wound healing assay suggest the potential of AC-DX NPs for a future development of a useful formulation in the treatment of non-healing wounds.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/22344