A school’s environment represents a building category particularly sensitive to noise. As is well known, the training of young students plays a decisively important role for their future and professional growth. The places in which they are educated, through listening, must therefore present noise conditions that facilitate learning, favoring concentration as well as facilitating the teachers' task. In Italy, there are currently school buildings that do not have the appropriate acoustic characteristics. The current reference legislation has continued to be that of twenty years ago. Since then, important changes have been made to the design of new buildings, moreover, since this year, great innovations have been introduced even in case of renovation of the building, in particular for public buildings. In support of the Italian legislation, several guidelines have been set up for the last twenty years. During the last year the AIA guidelines were issued. In this context one of the main aims that we want to achieve with the writing of this thesis’s work is: the preparation of a document that can be introduced, as an extension, within the aforementioned guidelines. The need to introduce this revision stems from the fact that on our territory there are tens of thousands of schools constructed in different periods, and which differ to structural characteristics. In particular, with the construction boom which occurred between the 60s and 70s, a good part of them, around 30%, have the same structural characteristics. These schools were built in a period prior to the promulgation of the Decree on the passive acoustic requirements of buildings and the dissemination of numerous technical standards and require important improvement actions. For this purpose, within the Municipality of Pavia, acoustic measurement campaigns were undertaken in three school buildings, different for each year of construction and for acoustic devices adopted. The aim is to check the internal noise conditions and identify the parameters that can negatively affect the acoustic well-being of a school. This topic was also the subject of a workshop dedicated to the 44th National Congress of Acoustics, held in Pavia. The choice to focus on one of the three Institutes, namely on the Technical Institute "G. Cardano ", was based on several factors that emerged during the investigations: common structural features and non-optimal internal acoustic conditions. The analyzes carried out during the month of March 2017 have served to the current measurement of the reverberation time inside the classrooms. The latter, which has a frequency average of 2.3 seconds, does not comply with the current limits set by the law. A series of similar classrooms were chosen for geometry and arrangement, in order to focus attention on a single case study, able to best represent the entire sample. The acoustic redevelopment of the aforementioned school building will deal in detail with the possible verification and noise control strategies of a typical school environment. The subsequent phases of the work involved a search for feasible practical solutions to improve the internal acoustic well-being, capable of effectively adapting the reverberation time values measured in the classrooms and at the same time representing a valid solution from an economic point of view. However, this work also sets an ethical aim: to put the attention of local and national institutions on acoustics in schools, a problem that undoubtedly turns out to be of fundamental importance for our country.
L’ambiente scolastico rappresenta una categoria di edificio particolarmente sensibile al rumore. Come è ben noto, la formazione di giovani studenti gioca un ruolo decisamente importante per la loro crescita futura e professionale. I luoghi all’interno dei quali vengono istruiti, attraverso l’ascolto, devono presentare pertanto delle condizioni di rumore tali da facilitare l’apprendimento, favorendo la concentrazione e facilitando al contempo il compito dei docenti. In Italia sono presenti attualmente edifici scolastici che non posseggono le idonee caratteristiche di tipo acustico. La normativa di riferimento attuale è rimasta quella di vent’anni fa. Da allora, svolte importanti sono state fatte per la progettazione di nuovi edifici, inoltre, sono state introdotte, a partire da quest’anno, grandi novità anche in caso di ristrutturazione dell’immobile, in particolare per gli edifici pubblici. A supporto della normativa italiana sono state predisposte da vent’anni a questa parte numerose linee guida. Durante lo scorso anno sono state rilasciate le linee guida AIA. In questo contesto ricade una delle principali finalità che si vogliono raggiungere con la stesura di questo lavoro di tesi: la predisposizione di un documento che possa essere introdotto, come ampliamento, all’interno delle precedenti citate linee guida. La necessità di introdurre questa revisione nasce dal fatto che sul nostro territorio sono presenti decine di migliaia di istituti scolastici costruiti in epoche differenti, i quali si differenziano in base alle caratteristiche strutturali. In particolare, con il boom di costruzioni avvenuto tra gli anni 60 e 70’ buona parte di essi, circa il 30%, presenta le medesime caratteristiche strutturali. Queste scuole sono state costruite in un periodo antecedente la promulgazione del Decreto sui requisiti acustici passivi degli edifici e la diffusione di numerose norme tecniche e necessitano importanti azioni migliorative. A tale scopo sono state intraprese all’interno del Comune di Pavia delle campagne di misurazioni acustiche in tre edifici scolastici, differenti per anno di costruzione e per accorgimenti acustici adottati. Lo scopo, quello di verificare le condizioni interne di rumore ed individuare quali sono i parametri che possono incidere negativamente sul benessere acustico di una scuola. Questo argomento è stato anche oggetto di un workshop dedicato nell’ambito del 44° Congresso Nazionale di Acustica, tenutosi a Pavia. La scelta di porre l’attenzione su di uno solo dei tre Istituti, ovvero sull’Istituto Tecnico “G. Cardano”, è stata presa in base a diversi fattori emersi nel corso delle indagini: caratteristiche strutturali comuni e condizioni acustiche interne non ottimali. Le analisi condotte in opera durante il mese di marzo 2017 sono servite alla misura attuale del tempo di riverberazione presente all’interno delle aule. Quest’ultimo, che presenta una media in frequenza di 2,3 secondi, non è conforme agli attuali limiti previsti da normativa. Sono state scelte una serie di aule simili per geometria e disposizione al fine di focalizzare l’attenzione su di un singolo caso studio, in grado di rappresentare al meglio l’intero campione. La riqualificazione acustica del suddetto edificio scolastico tratterà in dettaglio le possibili strategie di verifica e di controllo del rumore di un tipico ambiente scolastico. Le fasi successive del lavoro hanno previsto una ricerca di fattibili soluzioni pratiche di miglioramento del benessere acustico interno, capaci di adeguare efficacemente i valori del tempo di riverberazione misurato nelle aule e al contempo rappresentare una valida soluzione dal punto di vista economico. Tuttavia, questo lavoro si prefigge anche uno scopo etico: porre l’attenzione di istituzioni locali e nazionali sull’acustica nelle scuole, problematica che senza dubbio risulta essere di fondamentale importanza per il nostro paese.
Processo di riqualificazione acustica di un edificio scolastico: identificazione di procedure standard attraverso un caso studio
BOZZOLI, SIMONE
2016/2017
Abstract
A school’s environment represents a building category particularly sensitive to noise. As is well known, the training of young students plays a decisively important role for their future and professional growth. The places in which they are educated, through listening, must therefore present noise conditions that facilitate learning, favoring concentration as well as facilitating the teachers' task. In Italy, there are currently school buildings that do not have the appropriate acoustic characteristics. The current reference legislation has continued to be that of twenty years ago. Since then, important changes have been made to the design of new buildings, moreover, since this year, great innovations have been introduced even in case of renovation of the building, in particular for public buildings. In support of the Italian legislation, several guidelines have been set up for the last twenty years. During the last year the AIA guidelines were issued. In this context one of the main aims that we want to achieve with the writing of this thesis’s work is: the preparation of a document that can be introduced, as an extension, within the aforementioned guidelines. The need to introduce this revision stems from the fact that on our territory there are tens of thousands of schools constructed in different periods, and which differ to structural characteristics. In particular, with the construction boom which occurred between the 60s and 70s, a good part of them, around 30%, have the same structural characteristics. These schools were built in a period prior to the promulgation of the Decree on the passive acoustic requirements of buildings and the dissemination of numerous technical standards and require important improvement actions. For this purpose, within the Municipality of Pavia, acoustic measurement campaigns were undertaken in three school buildings, different for each year of construction and for acoustic devices adopted. The aim is to check the internal noise conditions and identify the parameters that can negatively affect the acoustic well-being of a school. This topic was also the subject of a workshop dedicated to the 44th National Congress of Acoustics, held in Pavia. The choice to focus on one of the three Institutes, namely on the Technical Institute "G. Cardano ", was based on several factors that emerged during the investigations: common structural features and non-optimal internal acoustic conditions. The analyzes carried out during the month of March 2017 have served to the current measurement of the reverberation time inside the classrooms. The latter, which has a frequency average of 2.3 seconds, does not comply with the current limits set by the law. A series of similar classrooms were chosen for geometry and arrangement, in order to focus attention on a single case study, able to best represent the entire sample. The acoustic redevelopment of the aforementioned school building will deal in detail with the possible verification and noise control strategies of a typical school environment. The subsequent phases of the work involved a search for feasible practical solutions to improve the internal acoustic well-being, capable of effectively adapting the reverberation time values measured in the classrooms and at the same time representing a valid solution from an economic point of view. However, this work also sets an ethical aim: to put the attention of local and national institutions on acoustics in schools, a problem that undoubtedly turns out to be of fundamental importance for our country.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/22558