Skin hydration is fundamental for health, allowing the epidermis cells to correctly differentiate and perform their physiological functions. There are various biochemical mechanisms involved in epidermis hydration and avoiding the excessive transepidermal loss of water. The aquaporins are the main proteins that allow the transport of water to the skin; it’s a family of channel proteins located on the membrane of different cell types, and they contribute to the physiological functions in each tissue. My thesis evaluated the expression of proteins implicated in skin hydration mechanisms, with particular attention to analysis of aquaporins in humanepidermis and dermis cells after treatment with different products for cosmetic use. In particular, it was analyzed the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3), correlating to the efficacy of the active compounds of the products. In in vitro study, keratinocytes (HaCat) and fibroblasts (NHDF) were used as cellular models. The cytotoxicity test of the products extablishedthe concentrations to use during the subsequent treatment for cell culture for three different times (24h, 48h, 72h). The treatment was also performed with hyaluronic acid and glycerol, two substances used as a positive control. Immunostaining were carried out for the proteins of interest and for the evaluation of cell proliferative activity. Observations by confocal microscope were performed. In ex vivo study, the products were applied on human skin fragments kept in culture for 24h, 48h and 72h, fixed and processed for the preparation of histological slides. Sections were subjected to immunohistochemical reactions for the expression of aquaporins, filaggrin, involucrin and PCNA, and observed under a light transmitted optical microscope. The results were compared with the data of the hydration status obtained in vivowith instrumental measurements,after the application of products on skin of voluntaries, also subjected to clinical evaluations by a dermatologists. These preliminary investigations showed a correlation between the greater expression of the aquaporins(in particular, AQP3) and the use of products containing glycerol. To validate the method to analyse the skin hydration status, further studies are necessary to ensure the reproducibility.
Il corretto grado di idratazione della cute è fondamentale per il suo stato di salute, permettendo alle cellule dell’epidermide di differenziare correttamente e svolgere le proprie funzioni fisiologiche. Esistono vari meccanismi biochimici capaci di fornire idratazione all’epidermide ed evitare l’eccessiva perdita transepidermica di acqua. Le principali proteine che permettono il trasporto di acqua alla cute sono le acquaporine, una famiglia di proteine canale presenti sulla membrana plasmatica di diversi tipi cellulari, che contribuiscono alle funzioni fisiologiche in ogni tessuto. Nel mio lavoro di tesi è stata valutata l’espressione di proteine implicate nei meccanismi di idratazione cutanea, con particolare attenzione all’analisi delle acquaporine in cellule di epidermide e derma umano in seguito al trattamento con differenti prodotti idratanti ad uso cosmetico. In particolare, è stata analizzata l’espressione di acquaporina 1 (AQP1) e acquaporina 3 (AQP3), correlandola all’efficacia idratante del principio attivo dei prodotti. Nello studio in vitro sono stati utilizzati come modelli cellulari i cheratinociti (HaCat) e i fibroblasti (NHDF). Dal test di citotossicità dei prodotti sono state ricavate le concentrazioni da utilizzare nel trattamento successivo sulle cellule in coltura per tre tempi diversi (24h, 48h, 72h). E’ stato eseguito il trattamento anche con acido ialuronico e glicerolo, due sostanze usate come controllo positivo. Sono state effettuate immunomarcature per le proteine di interesse e per la valutazione dell’attività proliferativa cellulare. Le cellule sono state così osservate al microscopio confocale. Nello studio ex vivo, i prodotti sono stati applicati su frammenti cutanei umani tenuti in coltura per 24h, 48h e 72h, fissati e processati per la preparazione di vetrini istologici poi sottoposti a reazioni immunoistochimiche per l’espressione di acquaporine, filaggrina, involucrina e PCNA, osservata al microscopio ottico a luce trasmessa. I risultati ottenuti son stati confrontati con i risultati di misurazioni strumentali dello stato di idratazione ottenuti in vivo in seguito all’applicazione dei prodotti su cute di volontari, anche sottoposti a valutazioni cliniche da parte di un medico dermatologo. Da queste indagini preliminari è emerso che esiste una correlazione tra la maggiore espressione delle acquaporine, in particolare AQP3, e l’utilizzo dei prodotti contenenti glicerolo. Per validare il metodo di valutazione dello stato di idratazione cutanea sono tuttavia necessari ulteriori studi per garantirne la riproducibilità.
Analisi dell’espressione di specifiche proteine correlate all’idratazione cutanea in modelli cellulari umani in vitro ed ex vivo
CIAMPI, ALESSANDRO
2016/2017
Abstract
Skin hydration is fundamental for health, allowing the epidermis cells to correctly differentiate and perform their physiological functions. There are various biochemical mechanisms involved in epidermis hydration and avoiding the excessive transepidermal loss of water. The aquaporins are the main proteins that allow the transport of water to the skin; it’s a family of channel proteins located on the membrane of different cell types, and they contribute to the physiological functions in each tissue. My thesis evaluated the expression of proteins implicated in skin hydration mechanisms, with particular attention to analysis of aquaporins in humanepidermis and dermis cells after treatment with different products for cosmetic use. In particular, it was analyzed the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and aquaporin 3 (AQP3), correlating to the efficacy of the active compounds of the products. In in vitro study, keratinocytes (HaCat) and fibroblasts (NHDF) were used as cellular models. The cytotoxicity test of the products extablishedthe concentrations to use during the subsequent treatment for cell culture for three different times (24h, 48h, 72h). The treatment was also performed with hyaluronic acid and glycerol, two substances used as a positive control. Immunostaining were carried out for the proteins of interest and for the evaluation of cell proliferative activity. Observations by confocal microscope were performed. In ex vivo study, the products were applied on human skin fragments kept in culture for 24h, 48h and 72h, fixed and processed for the preparation of histological slides. Sections were subjected to immunohistochemical reactions for the expression of aquaporins, filaggrin, involucrin and PCNA, and observed under a light transmitted optical microscope. The results were compared with the data of the hydration status obtained in vivowith instrumental measurements,after the application of products on skin of voluntaries, also subjected to clinical evaluations by a dermatologists. These preliminary investigations showed a correlation between the greater expression of the aquaporins(in particular, AQP3) and the use of products containing glycerol. To validate the method to analyse the skin hydration status, further studies are necessary to ensure the reproducibility.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/24102