This thesis takes part in the research within the European project “LIQUEFACT, Assessment and mitigation of liquefaction potential across Europe: a holistic approach to protect structures / infrastructures for improved resilience to earthquake-induced liquefaction disasters”, a three-years project launched recently with the collaboration of European universities. The research focuses on soil liquefaction, a mechanism that occurs when sand changes its behaviour from solid to liquid, losing its strength in response to strong ground shaking. This change of behaviour may cause tragic consequences, such as failure of structures that the ground is no longer able to support. Many examples of the phenomenon are famous due to its huge consequences in terms of structural damages and economic losses. In order to avoid and to prevent damages, it’s important to evaluate the liquefaction vulnerability and its induced effects. In the past, this mechanism was unknown as well as the causes and the factors involved. After experiencing many liquefaction events, the mechanisms involved were studied at deeper length by means of the information collected event by event. Nowadays it is well known that this phenomenon occurs just under several essential conditions regarding geology, expected peak ground acceleration, groundwater depth, state of the soil and many others. In the thesis all these factors will be explained and correlated. In particular, the work concentrates on liquefaction phenomena occurred in Southern Europe, more specifically in Italy, Spain, France and Portugal, that are going to be analysed one by one. The main goal is to create a map of each country where all the historical events triggering liquefaction are represented and related to the geology conditions and peak ground acceleration expected in each area. By observing the maps, it will be possible to correlate the factors that induce liquefaction and to evaluate liquefaction susceptibility. In order to reach this objective, an intense research about documented past earthquake triggering liquefaction is necessary as well as a precise geology and seismicity knowledge of the countries of interest. It is essential to point out that the research is based just on effective documented liquefaction events in order to get a result as much accurate as possible.
Valutazione del rischio di liquefazione dei terreni nel Sud Europa. Questa tesi prende è inserita nell'ambito del progetto europeo "LIQUEFACT, Valutazione e mitigazione del potenziale di liquefazione in Europa: un approccio olistico per la protezione delle strutture / infrastrutture per migliorare la resilienza ai disastri di liquefazione del terremoto-indotta", un progetto di tre anni lanciato di recente con la collaborazione di alcune università europee. La ricerca si concentra sulla liquefazione del suolo, un meccanismo che si verifica quando la sabbia cambia il suo comportamento da solido a liquido, perdendo la sua forza in risposta alla forte scuotimento. Questo cambiamento di comportamento può provocare conseguenze drammatiche, come l'insufficienza di strutture che il terreno non è più in grado di sostenere. Molti esempi del fenomeno sono famosi per le loro enormi conseguenze in termini di danni strutturali e di perdite economiche. Per evitare e prevenire danni, è importante valutare la vulnerabilità alla liquefazione e I suoi effetti indotti. In passato, questo meccanismo era sconosciuto nonché le cause e i fattori coinvolti. Dopo aver sperimentato molti eventi di liquefazione, i meccanismi coinvolti sono stati studiati a lungo mediante le informazioni raccolte evento per evento. Al giorno d'oggi è ben noto che questo fenomeno si verifica solo sotto diverse condizioni essenziali riguardanti la geologia, l'accelerazione di picco al suolo previsto, la profondità di falda, lo stato del suolo e molti altri. Nella tesi tutti questi fattori saranno spiegati e correlati. In particolare, il lavoro si concentra sui fenomeni di liquefazione verificatisi nel Sud Europa, più precisamente in Italia, Spagna, Francia e Portogallo, che saranno analizzati uno per uno. L'obiettivo principale è quello di creare una mappa di ogni Paese in cui tutti gli eventi storici di di liquefazione sono rappresentati e legati alle condizioni di geologia e di accelerazione di picco al suolo che ci si attende in ogni area. Osservando le mappe, sarà possibile correlare i fattori che inducono liquefazione e valutare la suscettibilità alla liquefazione Per raggiungere questo obiettivo,è necessario un intenso lavoro di ricerca su terremoti che hanno indotto liquefazione così come una conoscenza della geologia e della sismicità dei paesi di interesse. È importante sottolineare che la ricerca si basa proprio su eventi liquefazione documentati per ottenere un risultato più accurato possibile.
Risk Assessment of Soil liquefaction across Southern Europe.
MAZZOCCHI, GIULIA
2015/2016
Abstract
This thesis takes part in the research within the European project “LIQUEFACT, Assessment and mitigation of liquefaction potential across Europe: a holistic approach to protect structures / infrastructures for improved resilience to earthquake-induced liquefaction disasters”, a three-years project launched recently with the collaboration of European universities. The research focuses on soil liquefaction, a mechanism that occurs when sand changes its behaviour from solid to liquid, losing its strength in response to strong ground shaking. This change of behaviour may cause tragic consequences, such as failure of structures that the ground is no longer able to support. Many examples of the phenomenon are famous due to its huge consequences in terms of structural damages and economic losses. In order to avoid and to prevent damages, it’s important to evaluate the liquefaction vulnerability and its induced effects. In the past, this mechanism was unknown as well as the causes and the factors involved. After experiencing many liquefaction events, the mechanisms involved were studied at deeper length by means of the information collected event by event. Nowadays it is well known that this phenomenon occurs just under several essential conditions regarding geology, expected peak ground acceleration, groundwater depth, state of the soil and many others. In the thesis all these factors will be explained and correlated. In particular, the work concentrates on liquefaction phenomena occurred in Southern Europe, more specifically in Italy, Spain, France and Portugal, that are going to be analysed one by one. The main goal is to create a map of each country where all the historical events triggering liquefaction are represented and related to the geology conditions and peak ground acceleration expected in each area. By observing the maps, it will be possible to correlate the factors that induce liquefaction and to evaluate liquefaction susceptibility. In order to reach this objective, an intense research about documented past earthquake triggering liquefaction is necessary as well as a precise geology and seismicity knowledge of the countries of interest. It is essential to point out that the research is based just on effective documented liquefaction events in order to get a result as much accurate as possible.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
Per maggiori informazioni e per verifiche sull'eventuale disponibilità del file scrivere a: unitesi@unipv.it.
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/25069