Glucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory drugs employed in human and veterinary medicines, sometimes as growth promoter. They are partially metabolized in hepatic and extrahepatic sites, and excreted by the kidney. They are emerging contaminants: their occurrence has been assessed in the aquatic compartment ranging from a few ng/L up to some tens of ng/L. This indicates their ineffective removal by conventional wastewater treatment plants. Photodegradation is a significant tool for the abatement of persistent pollutants in water system. In this thesis work, the photodegradation of seven Glucocorticoids (Betamethasone, Cortisone, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Prednisone, Triamcinolone acetonide) was investigated in tap and river water, under simulated or natural solar light, also in the presence of suspended titanium dioxide. The experiments were carried out at different concentrations of anti-inflammatory (10 mg/L and 50 μg/L). The photoproduced intermediates profiles were followed by HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Moreover, for the seven compounds, ecotoxicity tests were performed on a marine luminescent bacterium (Vibrio fischeri). These experiments allowed an assessment of the ecotoxic effect in the aquatic environment due to the presence of glucocorticoids and their photoproducts.
I glucocorticoidi sono farmaci anti-infiammatori steroidei utilizzati sia in ambito farmaceutico sia in ambito veterinario. Vengono parzialmente metabolizzati a livello epatico ed extra-epatico, quindi escreti attraverso le urine. Essi sono stati inseriti nella lista dei contaminanti emergenti: la loro rimozione da parte degli impianti di trattamento delle acque urbane non è sempre completa e comunemente vengono ritrovati nelle acque naturali in concentrazioni comprese tra pochi ng/L e decine di ng/L. In questo lavoro di tesi sono state condotte prove di fotolisi e di fotocatalisi su sette glucocorticoidi (Betametasone, Cortisone, Desametasone, Idrocortisone, Prednisolone, Prednisone, Triamcinolone acetonide) in presenza di radiazione solare simulata o naturale. Il fotocatalizzatore testato è stato il biossido di titanio Degussa P25. Gli esperimenti sono stati svolti a diversa concentrazione di anti-infiammatorio (10 mg/L e 50 µg/L) e in differenti tipologie di acque naturali, ovvero acqua di rubinetto e di fiume. I fotoprodotti generati sono stati monitorati ed individuati mediante HPLC-UV ed HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Per i sette composti esaminati sono inoltre state svolte prove di ecotossicità su un batterio luminescente marino (Vibrio fischeri), che hanno permesso una valutazione dell’effetto ecotossico in ambiente acquatico dovuto alla presenza dei glucocorticoidi e dei loro fotoprodotti.
Studi di fotodegradazione e di ecotossicità di Glucocorticoidi in acque superficiali
CANTALUPI, ALICE
2016/2017
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are anti-inflammatory drugs employed in human and veterinary medicines, sometimes as growth promoter. They are partially metabolized in hepatic and extrahepatic sites, and excreted by the kidney. They are emerging contaminants: their occurrence has been assessed in the aquatic compartment ranging from a few ng/L up to some tens of ng/L. This indicates their ineffective removal by conventional wastewater treatment plants. Photodegradation is a significant tool for the abatement of persistent pollutants in water system. In this thesis work, the photodegradation of seven Glucocorticoids (Betamethasone, Cortisone, Dexamethasone, Hydrocortisone, Prednisolone, Prednisone, Triamcinolone acetonide) was investigated in tap and river water, under simulated or natural solar light, also in the presence of suspended titanium dioxide. The experiments were carried out at different concentrations of anti-inflammatory (10 mg/L and 50 μg/L). The photoproduced intermediates profiles were followed by HPLC-UV and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Moreover, for the seven compounds, ecotoxicity tests were performed on a marine luminescent bacterium (Vibrio fischeri). These experiments allowed an assessment of the ecotoxic effect in the aquatic environment due to the presence of glucocorticoids and their photoproducts.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/25468