This thesis examines the relation between ideology and gender equality, with a particular focus on women’s political participation and representation. It is illustrated by a study of 21st Chilean democracy, more specifically during the mandates of Michelle Bachelet and Sebastián Piñera. The paper is divided in three parts. The first chapter offers a feminist theoretical analysis of politics, and traditional right-wing and left-wing ideologies. This is followed by an examination of the various – substantive, descriptive, and symbolic – types of representation, and a review of the existing empirical literature on ideology and gender equality. The next section provides the historical context from both a regional and national perspective, by reflecting on the progress and challenges of Chile, and examining Latin American trends. 2 The final section exposes the research methodology and results. The study of symbolic representation was conducted by a statistical content test of the presidents’ public speeches with the use of the software Iramuteq, and a critical discourse analysis. Subsequently. substantive and descriptive representation is considered by gathering and comparing evidence from existing literature as well as relevant newspaper articles. The results demonstrate that, in the Chilean case, ideology does influence gender equality, as social democratic governments exceed liberal ones in the promotion of women’s political participation and representation. They also indicate that the left’s policies tend to cover a wider array of demands whereas the right does cover issues, such as abortion, that are against conservative beliefs.
La tesi esamina la relazione tra ideologia e parità di genere, con particolare attenzione alla partecipazione e alla rappresentanza politica delle donne. È illustrata da uno studio della 21a democrazia cilena, più specificamente durante i mandati di Michelle Bachelet e Sebastián Piñera. Il documento è diviso in tre parti. Il primo capitolo offre un'analisi teorica femminista della politica e delle tradizionali ideologie di destra e di sinistra. Segue un esame dei vari tipi di rappresentazione – sostanziale, descrittiva e simbolica – e una revisione della letteratura empirica esistente sull'ideologia e l'uguaglianza di genere. La sezione successiva fornisce il contesto storico sia da una prospettiva regionale che nazionale, riflettendo sui progressi e sulle sfide del Cile ed esaminando le tendenze latinoamericane. La sezione finale espone la metodologia e i risultati della ricerca. Lo studio della rappresentazione simbolica è stato condotto mediante un test statistico del contenuto dei discorsi pubblici dei presidenti con l'uso del software Iramuteq e un'analisi critica del discorso. Successivamente, la rappresentazione sostanziale e descrittiva è considerata raccogliendo e confrontando prove della letteratura esistente e articoli di giornale pertinenti. I risultati dimostrano che, nel caso cileno, l'ideologia influenza l'uguaglianza di genere, poiché i governi socialdemocratici superano quelli liberali nella promozione della partecipazione e della rappresentanza politica delle donne. Indicano anche che le politiche della sinistra tendono a coprire una gamma più ampia di richieste mentre la destra evita certe questioni, come l'aborto, che sono contrarie alle credenze conservatrici.
Ideologia politica e parità di genere in Cile: un'analisi comparativa della partecipazione e rappresentanza politica delle donne durante i governi di Michelle Bachelet e Sebastían Piñera
JIMENO GIL, AURORA
2021/2022
Abstract
This thesis examines the relation between ideology and gender equality, with a particular focus on women’s political participation and representation. It is illustrated by a study of 21st Chilean democracy, more specifically during the mandates of Michelle Bachelet and Sebastián Piñera. The paper is divided in three parts. The first chapter offers a feminist theoretical analysis of politics, and traditional right-wing and left-wing ideologies. This is followed by an examination of the various – substantive, descriptive, and symbolic – types of representation, and a review of the existing empirical literature on ideology and gender equality. The next section provides the historical context from both a regional and national perspective, by reflecting on the progress and challenges of Chile, and examining Latin American trends. 2 The final section exposes the research methodology and results. The study of symbolic representation was conducted by a statistical content test of the presidents’ public speeches with the use of the software Iramuteq, and a critical discourse analysis. Subsequently. substantive and descriptive representation is considered by gathering and comparing evidence from existing literature as well as relevant newspaper articles. The results demonstrate that, in the Chilean case, ideology does influence gender equality, as social democratic governments exceed liberal ones in the promotion of women’s political participation and representation. They also indicate that the left’s policies tend to cover a wider array of demands whereas the right does cover issues, such as abortion, that are against conservative beliefs.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/2573