In the present thesis the possibility of using some types of metal organic framework for the release of Carprofen (C15H12ClNO) and Zaltoprofen (C17H14O3S) was evaluated. Both active ingredients belong to the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. While Zaltoprofen is used for therapies in humans, Carprofen is used exclusively in the veterinary field and both have poor solubility in water. MOFs, thanks to their elevated surface area and porosity, represent a suitable matrix to adsorb the active ingredients in the pores and govern their release, in order to improve their solubility and increase the speed of dissolution on administration. The MOFs studied are: MIL-100(Fe) (MIL = Material Institute Lavoisier; metal ion: Fe; ligand: trimesic acid), MIL-101(Fe)-NH2 (metal ion: Fe; ligand: terephthalic acid functionalized NH2) and Zn3(BTC)2 (metal ion: Zn; ligand: trimesic acid). Fe, Zn and the carboxylated binders used are biocompatible and toxicological studies have shown acceptable toxicity. These MOFs were also chosen for the adequate pore size to accommodate the drug molecules. The MOFs were prepared following different synthesis pathways: reflux technique, hydro / solvothermal and sonochemistry. They were then activated in vacuum at suitable temperatures depending on the MOF, to remove solvent molecules encapsulated in the pores. For drug loading, the activated MOF was immersed in a solution of the drug in ethanol. The synthesized, activated and drug-loaded MOF was characterized using a variety of techniques: powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, thermal analysis and UV-vis spectroscopy. With the diffraction technique the formation of the synthesized MOF is confirmed and the structure is maintained after the activation and loading of the drug. With the SEM analysis it is checked whether the particle morphology is preserved after the insertion of the active principle in the matrix while IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and EDS spectroscopy confirmed the effective loading of the drug and made it possible to carry out an estimate of the amount of drug loaded, determined analytically with UV-vis spectroscopy. To evaluate the dissolution rate of the active ingredient using the carrier MOF, dissolution tests were conducted on samples containing 20 mg of Carprofen (as per USP indications, United States Pharmacopeia) and 80 mg of Zaltoprofen (as per indications of Japanese Pharmacopoeia). For the Carprofen release curves, phosphate buffer solution was operated at pH 7.5 (bowel condition) and at pH 4.5 (full stomach condition), while for samples loaded with Zaltoprofen at pH 6.8 and pH 4.5. The MOF: drug systems studied are: MIL-100 (Fe): Carprofen, MIL-101(Fe)-NH2: Carprofen, Zn3(BTC)2: Carprofen and MIL-100(Fe): Zaltoprofen.
Nella presente tesi è stata valutata la possibilità di impiego di alcuni tipi di metal organic framework per il rilascio di Carprofen (C15H12ClNO2) e Zaltoprofen (C17H14O3S). Entrambi i principi attivi appartengono alla classe dei farmaci anti-infiammatori non steroidei (FANS) con effetti analgesici, antipiretici e antiinfiammatori. Mentre lo Zaltoprofen viene utilizzato per terapie nelluomo, il Carprofen trova applicazione esclusivamente in ambito veterinario ed entrambi hanno scarsa solubilità in acqua. I MOF, grazie alla loro elevara area superficiale e porosità, rappresentano una opportuna matrice per adsorbire i principi attivi nei pori e governarne il rilascio, al fine di migliorarne la solubilità e incrementare la velocità di dissoluzione alla somministrazione. I MOF impiegati in questo studio sono: MIL-100(Fe) (MIL=Material Institute Lavoisier; ione metallico: Fe; legante: acido trimesico), MIL-101(Fe)-NH2 (ione metallico: Fe; legante: acido tereftalico funzionalizzato NH2) e Zn3(BTC)2(ione metallico: Zn; legante: acido trimesico). Fe, Zn e i leganti carbossilati utilizzati sono biocompatibili e studi tossicologici hanno dimostrato tossicità accettabile. Questi MOF sono stati scelti anche per la dimensione dei pori adeguata ad ospitare le molecole del farmaco. I MOF sono stati preparati seguendo differenti vie di sintesi: a riflusso, idro/solvotermale e sonochimica. Successivamente sono stati attivati in vuoto a opportune temperature che dipendono dal MOF, per allontanare le molecole di solvente incapsulate nei pori. Per il caricamento del principio attivo si è immerso il MOF attivato in una soluzione del farmaco in etanolo. Il MOF sintetizzato, attivato e caricato con il farmaco è stato caratterizzato utilizzando numerose tecniche: diffrazione di Raggi X di polveri, spettroscopia IR, SEM-EDS, analisi termica e spettroscopia UV-vis. Con la tecnica della diffrazione si conferma la formazione del MOF sintetizzato e che la struttura venga mantenuta dopo lattivazione e il caricamento del farmaco. Con lanalisi SEM si verifica se la morfologia del particolato è conservata dopo linserimento del principio attivo nella matrice mentre la spettroscopia IR, lanalisi termica e la spettroscopia EDS hanno confermato leffettivo caricamento del farmaco e hanno permesso di effettuare una stima del quantitativo di farmaco caricato, determinato analiticamente con la spettroscopia UV-vis. Per valutare la velocità di dissoluzione del principio attivo impiegando il MOF come carrier, sono stati condotti test di dissoluzione su campioni contenenti 20 mg di Carprofen (come da indicazioni dellUSP, United States Pharmacopeia) e 80 mg di Zaltoprofen (come da indicazioni della Japanese Pharmacopoeia). Per le curve di rilascio del Carprofen si è operato in soluzione tampone fosfato a pH 7.5 (condizione dellintestino) e a pH 4.5 (condizione stomaco pieno), mentre per i campioni caricati con Zaltoprofen a pH 6.8 e pH 4.5. I sistemi MOF:farmaco studiati sono: MIL-100(Fe):Carprofen, FMIL-101(Fe)-NH2:Carprofen, Zn3(BTC)2:Carprofen e MIL-100(Fe):Zaltoprofen.
Metal Organic Frameworks, materiali porosi per il rilascio di farmaci
PUSCALAU, CONSTANTIN
2018/2019
Abstract
In the present thesis the possibility of using some types of metal organic framework for the release of Carprofen (C15H12ClNO) and Zaltoprofen (C17H14O3S) was evaluated. Both active ingredients belong to the class of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. While Zaltoprofen is used for therapies in humans, Carprofen is used exclusively in the veterinary field and both have poor solubility in water. MOFs, thanks to their elevated surface area and porosity, represent a suitable matrix to adsorb the active ingredients in the pores and govern their release, in order to improve their solubility and increase the speed of dissolution on administration. The MOFs studied are: MIL-100(Fe) (MIL = Material Institute Lavoisier; metal ion: Fe; ligand: trimesic acid), MIL-101(Fe)-NH2 (metal ion: Fe; ligand: terephthalic acid functionalized NH2) and Zn3(BTC)2 (metal ion: Zn; ligand: trimesic acid). Fe, Zn and the carboxylated binders used are biocompatible and toxicological studies have shown acceptable toxicity. These MOFs were also chosen for the adequate pore size to accommodate the drug molecules. The MOFs were prepared following different synthesis pathways: reflux technique, hydro / solvothermal and sonochemistry. They were then activated in vacuum at suitable temperatures depending on the MOF, to remove solvent molecules encapsulated in the pores. For drug loading, the activated MOF was immersed in a solution of the drug in ethanol. The synthesized, activated and drug-loaded MOF was characterized using a variety of techniques: powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, thermal analysis and UV-vis spectroscopy. With the diffraction technique the formation of the synthesized MOF is confirmed and the structure is maintained after the activation and loading of the drug. With the SEM analysis it is checked whether the particle morphology is preserved after the insertion of the active principle in the matrix while IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and EDS spectroscopy confirmed the effective loading of the drug and made it possible to carry out an estimate of the amount of drug loaded, determined analytically with UV-vis spectroscopy. To evaluate the dissolution rate of the active ingredient using the carrier MOF, dissolution tests were conducted on samples containing 20 mg of Carprofen (as per USP indications, United States Pharmacopeia) and 80 mg of Zaltoprofen (as per indications of Japanese Pharmacopoeia). For the Carprofen release curves, phosphate buffer solution was operated at pH 7.5 (bowel condition) and at pH 4.5 (full stomach condition), while for samples loaded with Zaltoprofen at pH 6.8 and pH 4.5. The MOF: drug systems studied are: MIL-100 (Fe): Carprofen, MIL-101(Fe)-NH2: Carprofen, Zn3(BTC)2: Carprofen and MIL-100(Fe): Zaltoprofen.È consentito all'utente scaricare e condividere i documenti disponibili a testo pieno in UNITESI UNIPV nel rispetto della licenza Creative Commons del tipo CC BY NC ND.
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/25830