Abstract The increased use of armed drones in military conflicts since the early 21st century has sparked a paradigm shift in the character of warfare, challenging the traditional model of state-on-state conflict once defined by direct confrontations, symmetrical tactics, and balanced capabilities. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), now widely accessible, have become powerful instruments of change, enabling technologically advanced actors to leverage their asymmetric capabilities to reshape the battlefield. This thesis delves into the profound impact of drone warfare, focusing on its transformative effects on the character of modern conflict. which encompasses the tactics, strategies, and technologies employed in warfare, ultimately influencing how battles are fought and won. Through a comparative analysis of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War, I investigate three key mechanisms that drive this transformation: (1) the shift towards hybrid warfare, seamlessly blending drones with traditional military forces, (2) the reduction of troop risk through remote operations, potentially altering the decision-making calculus of engaging in or escalating conflicts, and (3) the unprecedented enhancement of surveillance and targeting capabilities, inflicting both physical damage and a powerful psychological toll on combatants and civilians alike. The thesis will consider the impact of these transformations on both users, in terms of military strategies and risk calculations, and on targets, in terms of direct physical consequences of strikes, the psychological and strategic effects of constant surveillance, and the threat of attack. By examining the evolving tactics, strategies, and technologies employed in these conflicts, this research seeks to understand how drones are redefining the very nature of engagement on the battlefield, ultimately influencing how battles are fought and won, While acknowledging the ethical and legal complexities surrounding the use of armed drones, this thesis primarily focuses on the strategic implications of this technology, seeking to understand how it is reshaping military doctrines, altering the balance of power, and ultimately redefining the character of war in the modern world. By exploring these transformative effects, this thesis aims to stimulate further research and dialogue, ultimately contributing to a more informed and comprehensive understanding of the complex challenges and opportunities presented by presented by this rapidly evolving technology. Keywords: Drone Warfare, hybrid Warfare, International Relations, Modern Conflict, Nagorno-Karabakh.
L'intensificato uso di droni armati nei conflitti militari a partire dagli inizi del XXI secolo ha innescato un cambio di paradigma nella natura della guerra, mettendo in discussione il modello tradizionale di conflitto tra Stati, un tempo definito da scontri diretti, tattiche simmetriche e capacità bilanciate. I velivoli a pilotaggio remoto (UAV), ormai ampiamente accessibili, sono diventati potenti strumenti di cambiamento, consentendo ad attori tecnologicamente avanzati di sfruttare le proprie capacità asimmetriche per rimodellare il campo di battaglia. Questa tesi approfondisce l'impatto profondo della guerra con droni, concentrandosi sui suoi effetti trasformativi sulla natura del conflitto moderno, che comprende le tattiche, le strategie e le tecnologie impiegate nella guerra, influenzando in ultima analisi il modo in cui le battaglie vengono combattute e vinte. Attraverso un'analisi comparativa della Guerra del Nagorno-Karabakh del 2020, si esaminano tre meccanismi chiave che guidano questa trasformazione: (1) il passaggio verso la guerra ibrida, che integra senza soluzione di continuità i droni con le forze militari tradizionali, (2) la riduzione del rischio per le truppe attraverso operazioni a distanza, che può alterare il calcolo decisionale per l'impegno o l'escalation dei conflitti, e (3) il potenziamento senza precedenti delle capacità di sorveglianza e targeting, che infligge danni fisici e un forte impatto psicologico sia ai combattenti che ai civili. La tesi considererà l'impatto di queste trasformazioni sia sugli utenti, in termini di strategie militari e calcoli del rischio, sia sui bersagli, in termini di conseguenze fisiche dirette degli attacchi, effetti psicologici e strategici della sorveglianza costante e minaccia di attacco. Esaminando le tattiche, le strategie e le tecnologie in evoluzione impiegate in questi conflitti, questa ricerca cerca di comprendere come i droni stiano ridefinendo la natura stessa dell'impegno sul campo di battaglia, influenzando in ultima analisi il modo in cui le battaglie vengono combattute e vinte. Pur riconoscendo le complessità etiche e legali che circondano l'uso di droni armati, questa tesi si concentra principalmente sulle implicazioni strategiche di questa tecnologia, cercando di comprendere come stia rimodellando le dottrine militari, alterando l'equilibrio di potere e, in definitiva, ridefinendo la natura della guerra nel mondo moderno. Esplorando questi effetti trasformativi, questa tesi mira a stimolare ulteriori ricerche e dibattiti, contribuendo in ultima analisi a una comprensione più informata e completa delle complesse sfide e opportunità presentate da questa tecnologia in rapida evoluzione. Parole chiave: Guerra con droni, guerra ibrida, relazioni internazionali, conflitto moderno, Nagorno-Karabakh.
L'IMPATTO TRASFORMATIVO DELLA GUERRA CON DRONI SUI CONFLITTI INTERSTATALI MODERNI/ IN CHE MODO LA GUERRA CON DRONI HA TRASFORMATO I CONFLITTI INTERSTATALI MODERNI
GHARABA, ODAY
2023/2024
Abstract
Abstract The increased use of armed drones in military conflicts since the early 21st century has sparked a paradigm shift in the character of warfare, challenging the traditional model of state-on-state conflict once defined by direct confrontations, symmetrical tactics, and balanced capabilities. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), now widely accessible, have become powerful instruments of change, enabling technologically advanced actors to leverage their asymmetric capabilities to reshape the battlefield. This thesis delves into the profound impact of drone warfare, focusing on its transformative effects on the character of modern conflict. which encompasses the tactics, strategies, and technologies employed in warfare, ultimately influencing how battles are fought and won. Through a comparative analysis of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War, I investigate three key mechanisms that drive this transformation: (1) the shift towards hybrid warfare, seamlessly blending drones with traditional military forces, (2) the reduction of troop risk through remote operations, potentially altering the decision-making calculus of engaging in or escalating conflicts, and (3) the unprecedented enhancement of surveillance and targeting capabilities, inflicting both physical damage and a powerful psychological toll on combatants and civilians alike. The thesis will consider the impact of these transformations on both users, in terms of military strategies and risk calculations, and on targets, in terms of direct physical consequences of strikes, the psychological and strategic effects of constant surveillance, and the threat of attack. By examining the evolving tactics, strategies, and technologies employed in these conflicts, this research seeks to understand how drones are redefining the very nature of engagement on the battlefield, ultimately influencing how battles are fought and won, While acknowledging the ethical and legal complexities surrounding the use of armed drones, this thesis primarily focuses on the strategic implications of this technology, seeking to understand how it is reshaping military doctrines, altering the balance of power, and ultimately redefining the character of war in the modern world. By exploring these transformative effects, this thesis aims to stimulate further research and dialogue, ultimately contributing to a more informed and comprehensive understanding of the complex challenges and opportunities presented by presented by this rapidly evolving technology. Keywords: Drone Warfare, hybrid Warfare, International Relations, Modern Conflict, Nagorno-Karabakh.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14239/26101